Power
Power and the grid
123 MW energized · 453 MW contracted (totals add sources with a stated size; they can overlap)
Interim gas engines: 62 Caterpillar unitsOperating, unpermitted
running without state air permits; the order lets them run while permits are sought, with a 45-day application deadline State agency · Oct. 2026
Bloom Energy fuel cells (permanent plant)Contracted (press)
328 MW installed, about 250 MW guaranteed, in three phases (press account of a Nebius filing); planned as the permanent off-grid power system News report · Sept. 2026
Natural gas supply (South Jersey Gas)Contracted
firm transportation sized for up to 125 MW of generation; fuel bought separately by DataOne News report · Oct. 2026
Vineland municipal gridPlanned short-term draw (press)
short-term draw from the city's existing substation; Atlantic City Electric 138 kV service discussed News report · Oct. 2026
Energized nowContractedProposed
Not used, not on record, or dropped
- Abandoned engine plant (Bergen engines) Withdrawnmore than 30 engines in the design; air permit application withdrawn May 2026 after state found deficiencies News report · Oct. 2026
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- Feb. 2025Utility offers temporary 50 MW onlyAtlantic City Electric offers temporary service of 50 MW at 138 kV while the requested 300 MW stays under study (press). News report · Feb. 2025
- July 2025Engines begin to arriveDataOne's own letter to the state says generators began arriving in July 2025 and 16 were running by Oct. 2025. News report · Oct. 2026
- May 14, 2026Bloom master agreementNebius signs a fuel-cell agreement that replaces both the abandoned Bergen design and the interim engines. Company · Oct. 2026
- July 2026Request withdrawn from regional planningThe campus drops out of the PJM transmission-planning process after the request falls to 49 MW, and proceeds behind the meter (press). News report · July 2026
- July 29, 2026State inspection finds 62 enginesThe state finds all 62 installed and operating without permits; a December 2025 inspection had not observed them. State agency · Oct. 2026
- Sept. 22, 2026Penalty and orderThe state assesses $1.07M and orders DataOne to apply for permits or stop running the engines. News report · Oct. 2026
- The Bloom plant is meant to be the permanent supply, but the city issued a stop-work order on Aug. 10, 2026 for installing units without a construction permit. News report · Oct. 2026
- A $1.7B program-level investment (IDF and Oaktree) supports Bloom fuel cells across Nebius's US data centers, not only Vineland. News report · Oct. 2026
Is it running?
Evidence from space
NO2 over the site, net of the rural background, was somewhat higher in July–September 2026 (4 µmol/m²) than a year earlier (1), but the change is within normal swings at this level; the rural background stayed flat (31 and 30). The satellite sees no new combustion large enough to stand out here. On record here: Interim gas engines: 62 Caterpillar units, 123 MW, in service; Natural gas supply (South Jersey Gas), 125 MW, contracted. A plant of that size can run without standing out from the other sources in the box at this resolution.
NO2 over the campus and over open country (µmol/m²)
What else could explain it
- Cities, highways, oil and gas fields and power plants in or near the box also emit NO2. Comparing the same months a year apart removes steady sources; a new source nearby would not cancel.
- Weather moves NO2 from day to day (wind, sunlight, cloud), and it builds up in winter. Subtracting the background box and comparing the same season a year apart removes most of that.
How this works: the Sentinel-5P satellite measures NO2 in the air over every point on Earth once a day, around 1:30 p.m. local time, in pixels about 5.5 by 3.5 km. NO2 comes from burning fuel (turbines, engines, traffic, power plants), so a rise over a site that open country does not share points to new combustion there. It shows combustion activity, not megawatts. The site box is about 15 km across; the background box is open country about 74 km away. We use only high-quality readings and drop days or weeks when cloud hides more than half of either box. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-5P (ESA), processed with the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Sentinel Hub statistics service.
Permits
Permits checklist
1 appealed · 1 withdrawn · 3 contested · 1 granted · 1 checked, nothing on file
- !Amended site plan (fuel cells, LNG, reservoir) AppealedVineland Planning Board · Aug. 17, 2026: approved 8 to 1; Resolution 6767 of Sept. 9; challenged in court Oct. 13, 2026 News report · Oct. 2026
- ↩Air permit for Bergen engine plant WithdrawnNJDEP · May 2026: withdrawn after the state found multiple deficiencies News report · Oct. 2026
- !Construction permits: LNG tank and Bloom fuel cells ContestedCity of Vineland Construction Office · Aug. 10, 2026: two stop-work orders; no public confirmation they were lifted; DataOne says they were limited News report · Oct. 2026
- !Noise citation ContestedCumberland County Health Dept. · March 2026: alleged in residents' complaint; citation not retrieved News report · Oct. 2026
- !Stormwater management in the amended site plan ContestedVineland Planning Board · Oct. 13, 2026: Sustain SJ's suit alleges stormwater-management deficiencies (allegation) News report · Oct. 2026
- ✓Site plan, four phases (PBA-24-00022) GrantedVineland Planning Board · June 26, 2024: approved 7 to 0 for the original applicant, NEP Real Estate Local government · Oct. 2026
- –Checked, nothing on file: Air permit and operating certificate for 62 engines
Risks
What could slow it down
- HighUnpermitted power62 engines run without state permits, and the 45-day deadline to apply or stop is running; no application was under review as of Aug. 2026. News report · Oct. 2026
- HighCourt challenge to the site planSustain SJ argues stormwater plans are deficient and that the application belonged before the zoning board, not the planning board. see Permits
- MediumFuel-cell switch is unfinishedBloom units and the LNG tank drew stop-work orders; Nebius says the switch will not affect the timeline. News report · Oct. 2026
- MediumMicrosoft delivery termsMicrosoft may get service credits or terminate individual tranches for delivery delays or repeated availability failures. SEC filing · Oct. 2026
- MediumNeighbor and health complaintsResidents report noise since Nov. 2025; a Rutgers estimate puts NOx from the unpermitted fleet at about 140 tons (estimate, not a measurement). News report · Oct. 2026
Lawsuits
2 cases on record
- Filed Oct. 13, 2026 Sustain SJ v. City of Vineland, Planning Board and DataOne USACumberland County Superior Court News report · Oct. 2026prerogative-writ action to overturn the amended site plan (Resolution 6767); no docket number found
- Filed May 2026 Residents v. DataOne (noise)New Jersey state court News report · Oct. 2026two residents sued over noise; a third plaintiff reported by Sept. 2026
Money
Money on record
$17.4B
Microsoft committed fees through 2031 (Nebius filing)
take-or-pay, about $6.96B of it paid upfront; up to $19.4B with expansion SEC filing · Oct. 2026
$290M
upfront payment from Nebius to DataOne (press)
10-year colocation agreement signed Mar. 2025 News report · Oct. 2026
Up to $2.6B
Bloom fuel-cell service fees over ten years (press)
328 MW behind-the-meter News report · Oct. 2026
$6.2M
city urban-enterprise-zone loan, approved then declined
approved Dec. 2025; DataOne said in Jan. 2026 it would decline News report · Oct. 2026
5 years
property-tax exemption granted by the city
executed terms not located; no jobs floor or clawback found News report · Oct. 2026
Land assembly
3 recorded land documents for the campus company in county records (July 2025 to Jan. 2026); 2 list a price. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.
- July 2025 Beyney to Dataone Vineland LLC · price not recorded · 1 parcel County deed records · July 2025
- Jan. 2026 S Main Road LLC to Dataone Vineland LLC · $1.8M · 1 parcel County deed records · Jan. 2026
- Jan. 2026 Pontano to Dataone Vineland LLC · $1.7M · 1 parcel County deed records · Jan. 2026
Timeline
What happened, and what is due
SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
- June 26, 2024Permits Planning board approves the four-phase data-center site plan, 7 to 0 Local government · Oct. 2026
- Feb. 26, 2025Site Campus lots transfer to DataOne for $1 each, weeks after Nebius signs its built-to-suit deal News report · Oct. 2026
- March 5, 2025Site Nebius announces up to 300 MW in New Jersey, first capacity guided for summer 2025 Company · Oct. 2026
- Sept. 8, 2025Money Nebius signs a five-year, about $17.4B GPU capacity deal with Microsoft Company · Oct. 2026
- Nov. 2025Power First Microsoft tranche delivered at Vineland; residents report noise from this month SEC filing · Oct. 2026
- Jan. 22, 2026Site DataOne Vineland LLC records a $1.77M land purchase from S Main Road LLC on South Main Road (county deed records) County deed records · Jan. 2026
- Jan. 22, 2026Site DataOne Vineland LLC records a $1.65M land purchase from Pontano on South Lincoln Avenue (county deed records) County deed records · Jan. 2026
- May 2026Power Bergen engine permit application withdrawn; Nebius signs the Bloom fuel-cell agreement Company · Oct. 2026
- July 29, 2026Permits State inspection finds 62 unpermitted engines installed and running State agency · Oct. 2026
- Aug. 6, 2026Permits City issues stop-work orders for the LNG tank (Aug. 6) and the Bloom units (Aug. 10) News report · Oct. 2026
- Aug. 17, 2026Permits Planning board approves the amended plan, 8 to 1 News report · Oct. 2026
- Sept. 22, 2026Permits NJDEP fines DataOne $1.07M and orders permits or shutdown of the engines State agency · Oct. 2026
- Oct. 13, 2026Site Sustain SJ sues to overturn the amended site plan News report · Oct. 2026
- Nov. 2026Permits Deadline for DataOne to submit air permit applications (45 days from receipt of the Sept. 22 order) News report · Oct. 2026
- Dec. 2026Site Construction expected to finish (company website, press) News report · Oct. 2026
The buildings
Specs
About 718,000 sq ft
in the amended plan: a 129,622 sq ft building plus a 587,980 sq ft expansion (press)
1.5M-gallon LNG tank
built without a construction permit, per a stop-work order (press)
Who is involved
Owners, partners and builders
Owners and developers
- DataOne Vineland LLC and DataOne USA LLC: owner-developer, led by Charles-Antoine Beyney
- Northeast Precast and NEP Real Estate: original redeveloper, minority shareholder and construction lead
Customers
- Nebius: tenant and operator of the GPU capacity
- Microsoft: end customer under a five-year capacity contract
Power and finance
- Bloom Energy: fuel-cell supplier and operator
- South Jersey Gas: gas transport
- Vineland Municipal Electric Utility: small grid supply
- IDF, Oaktree, Morgan Stanley and MUFG: program-level Bloom financing
Opponents
- Sustain South Jersey (represented by Earthjustice), Sierra Club NJ, Pinelands Alliance, NJ Environmental Justice Alliance
Still unknown
Open questions
- IT capacity in MW (never disclosed; the company states a 300 MW design capacity).
- Whether DataOne applies for air permits within the 45-day deadline.
- Whether the city lifted its stop-work orders.
- Terms of the Nebius and DataOne lease and of the city tax exemption.
- 1 unconfirmed county land record near the site: the buyer or location could not be tied to this campus.
Where this comes from
216 records from 52 documents
Drawn from news reports, public and commercial datasets, securities filings, company statements, state agency records, local government records and our own analysis, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
News report 35Dataset 6SEC filing 5Company 4State agency 3Local government 1Analysis 1
Evidence
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (39)
- On-site generation: 123 MW“62 1,982-kilowatt stationary reciprocating generators”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Registry status: OPERATING WITHOUT ANY AIR PERMIT - NJDEP ENFORCEMENT (the batch's largest agency record); NJDEP Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Penalty Assessment (news release 26/P044, Sep 22, 2026): DataOne i“has fined the DataOne data center in Vineland, Cumberland County, $1.07 million for violations of the New Jersey Air Pollution Control Act”State agency · Sept. 2026 · grade A
- On-site generation: 122.884 MW“62 engines x 1,982 kW each (NJDEP AONOCAPA, release 26/P044) = 122,884 kW = 122.884 MW [derived: pure unit arithmetic on one agency document]”State agency · Sept. 2026 · grade A
- EIA registration status: Not listed in EIA-860M (Aug 2026) under any sheet; no EIA plant ID; not a CAMPD facility“Inventory of Operating Generators as of August 2026”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 17.67 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest gas pipeline: no pipeline within 40 km on the map (verified by two differently-shaped primary-server queries); nearest pipeline feature 0.34 km (, TIGER import, substance untagged)Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest substation: 0.23 km - Lincoln 3/Clayville Substation (, 69000, operator Vineland Municipal Electric Utility)Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Name: Nebius / DataOne Vineland“Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Stated campus size: 300 MW“a phased development expandable up to a total capacity of 300 MW, with the first capacity expected to be completed as early as summer 2025”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 328 MW“first project with 328 MW of installed capacity expected to be operational this year, eliminating the need for reciprocating engines at the site”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power plan: behind-the-meter (on-site gas generation prime; municipal grid residual)“fuel cells provide behind-the-meter electricity”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- First announced: March 2025“Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Nebius announces the Vineland NJ data center: design capacity up to 300 MW, first capacity guided for summer 2025. Partnership coverage the same month describes a 10-year Nebius tenant commitment with DataOne and a first“Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Nebius–Bloom master agreement signed May 14, 2026 (announced May 20): Bloom fuel cells become the permanent on-site plant, replacing both the abandoned Bergen-engine design (air-permit application withdrawn the same mont“first project with 328 MW of installed capacity expected to be operational this year, eliminating the need for reciprocating engines at the site”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Utility service: 5 MW“the project is receiving 5 MW from the Vineland Electric Utility, for mechanical load”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Utility: Vineland Municipal Electric Utility (Vineland Electric) - serving municipal utility in whose territory the site sits; under the revised plan its delivered role is a residual 5 MW, with nearly all campus power ge“The site sits in the service territory of Vineland Municipal Electric Utility, the state's only municipal electric generating utility, inside PJM's Atlantic City Electric zone.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Interconnection status: BTM by design (residual grid share): the campus's original 300 MW service request to Vineland Municipal Electric Utility could not be accommodated by the municipal system (peak 164.1 MW); Atlantic“By late July 2026, Atlantic City Electric had withdrawn the 49 MW Cumberland County load need from PJM's transmission-planning process”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 350 MW“DataOne website now lists 350 MW, approved plans call for 300 MW”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- IT capacity: not stated“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no IT-load (critical load) figure for this campus appears in any source opened; Nebius states only a 300 MW design capacity with no IT/facility split, and no SEC filing states critical IT load”grade C
- Utility service: 5 MW“In the short term, the applicant plans to pull approximately 5 megawatts from Vineland's existing substation”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Utility: Vineland Municipal Electric Utility“The campus draws only 5 MW from Vineland Electric, while nearly all of the rest of its electricity is produced on-site from natural gas”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Gas supply: South Jersey Gas (transportation only); commodity purchased separately by DataOne“nearly all of the rest of its electricity is produced on-site from natural gas”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Generator maker and model: Caterpillar G3516H“a July 29 investigation found DataOne had installed and operated 62 Caterpillar G3516H stationary reciprocating engines without required preconstruction permits or operating certificates”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Interim engine fleet timeline per DataOne's own letter to DEP (via public records): generators began arriving July 2025; 16 started operating October 2025; another 16 came online in early 2026; all 62 were running by Jun“According to a letter DataOne sent to the DEP, the generators began arriving in July 2025”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- DataOne's website lists a 350 MW maximum for the campus (vs 300 MW in the approved plans); DCD reporting adds a further +400 MW expansion potential. Neither figure is booked in a campus MW field beyond the 350 MW campus-“DataOne website now lists 350 MW, approved plans call for 300 MW”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- The approved amended plan's power areas: four ground-mounted and five multi-story Bloom Power areas, a 92,466 sq ft chiller building, LNG infrastructure, a 6,750 sq ft water treatment plant and nearly 162,000 sq ft of Me“includes four ground-mounted and five multi-story Bloom Power areas, along with a 92,466-sq-ft chiller building”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Estimated actual NOx emissions: about 140 tons NOx over the fleet's operating period, estimated by Rutgers environmental scientist Xiaomeng Jin from generator technical data obtained by Floodlight through public-records“Our best estimate is that the generators emitted about 140 tons of NOx”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- On-site generation: 328 MW“The project's permanent off-grid power system is planned around Bloom Energy fuel cells providing about 250 MW of guaranteed capacity and 328 MW of installed capacity.”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 350 MW“Currently on the DataOne website, the data center now projects a maximum capacity of 350 megawatts”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Plant observed status: 62 engines x 1,982 kW found installed and operating by NJDEP inspection July 29, 2026 (absent at Dec 2025 inspection); engines are the only generation NJDEP found on site“installing and operating 62 1,982-kilowatt stationary reciprocating generators (known as engines) without first obtaining a preconstruction permit and valid operating certificate”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- NJDEP site inspection on Jul 29, 2026 found 62 natural-gas reciprocating engines, 1,982 kW each (122.884 MW total per DEP), installed and operating at the DataOne Vineland site with no preconstruction permit and no opera“installing and operating 62 1,982-kilowatt stationary reciprocating generators (known as engines) without first obtaining a preconstruction permit and valid operating certificate”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- On-site generation: 300 MW“she believes the developers must apply for a pre-construction permit from NJDEP and a certificate of operation from the state for the 300-megawatt fuel cell array”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Thermal-drone observation, Aug 18, 2026: 45 of the site's 62 generators were operating (heat signatures), per Floodlight/Guardian visual investigation (published Sep 23, 2026). Metric: engines observed running; value: 45“found the site operating 45 of the site's 62 generators”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- large load interconnection request: Withdrawn from PJM transmission-planning process“The request then fell to 49 MW. On January 13, 2026, City Council authorized an alternative study at Northeast Precast's request.”News report · July 2026 · grade C
- Cumulative fleet runtime from the operator's own letter to NJDEP (obtained by Floodlight via public-records request, reported Oct 16, 2026): the 62-engine fleet had collectively run more than 46,000 hours in total by the“the unpermitted fleet had collectively run for more than 46,000 hours in total, according to the letter”News report · July 2026 · grade C
- Fleet ramp per DataOne's letter to NJDEP as reported by Floodlight (Oct 16, 2026): first generators arrived Jul 2025; 16 engines operating from Oct 2025; 16 more online early Feb 2026; all 62 fired up by Jun 2026. Metric“Sixteen generators started operating in October 2025, with another 16 brought online in early February. By June, all 62 had been fired up.”News report · June 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 300 MW“Nebius announced on March 5, 2025, that it was planning a New Jersey data center with capacity of up to 300 megawatts”News report · March 2025 · grade C
- large load interconnection request: Temporary service offered; permanent 300 MW under study“What Atlantic City Electric offered in February 2025 was a stopgap and a study: temporary service of 50 MW at 138 kV from a tap off its Lincoln-Union line”News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
- large load interconnection request: Feasibility study commissioned; utility determined it could not accommodate the request“The city utility had asked for a permanent 300 MW wholesale supply on the project's behalf because it had "determined that it is not able to accommodate the Service Request."”News report · Sept. 2024 · grade C
Money and contracts (60)
- Operator: Nebius (Nebius, Inc. / Nebius Group N.V.)“in February 2025, we signed an agreement for our first built-to-suit facility, located in Vineland, NJ”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Tenant status: signed, Nebius built-to-suit agreement with DataOne (Feb 2025); Nebius–Microsoft commercial agreement executed Sep 8, 2025“we signed an agreement for our first built-to-suit facility, located in Vineland, NJ”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Built-to-suit / colocation services agreement: scope“in February 2025, we signed an agreement for our first built-to-suit facility, located in Vineland, NJ”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): scope / committed fees 17392900000 USD“Microsoft committed to pay fees estimated up to $17,392.9 million irrespective of actual utilization, including aggregate upfront payments of approximately $6,958.1 million”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): upfront payments 6958100000 USD“including aggregate upfront payments of approximately $6,958.1 million, with the remaining consideration invoiced monthly over the service terms of the respective tranches through October 2031”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): take or pay“Microsoft committed to pay fees estimated up to $17,392.9 million irrespective of actual utilization”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): service credits / tranche termination (availability)“Microsoft may receive service credits or terminate individual tranches for specified delivery delays or repeated availability failures”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): delivery schedule 9 tranches“the first tranche was delivered in November 2025 and the second tranche in February 2026”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- First Microsoft GPU-service tranche delivered at Vineland (FY2025 20-F); second tranche delivered February 2026. Nine tranches in total deploy across 2025–2026.“the first tranche was delivered in November 2025 and the second tranche in February 2026”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- NJDEP AONOCAPA: $1.07M penalty, the largest ever against a New Jersey data center, with an order to obtain permits within 45 days of receipt or cease operating the 62 unpermitted generators; the fleet may keep running“DEP fined DataOne's data center located in Vineland, New Jersey (Cumberland County) $1.07 million”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- phase delivery: delivery 9 tranches (all delivered as of the Q2 2026 letter)“To date, we've delivered all capacity tranches to Microsoft under the contract, including two tranches over the past month.”SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Colocation agreement: execution“in February 2025, we signed an agreement for our first built-to-suit facility, located in Vineland, NJ”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- Hosting agreement: execution“on September 7, 2025, our wholly owned subsidiary, Nebius, Inc., entered into a commercial agreement with Microsoft Corp. ("Microsoft"), pursuant to which we are providing Microsoft access to dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- GPU services: contract value 17392900000 USD total contract value, up to (20-F states $17,392.9 million)“Subject to the satisfaction of deployment and availability of the GPU clusters, the total contract value is estimated to be up to about $17.4 billion through 2031.”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- phase delivery: delivery 9 tranches (deployed during 2025 and 2026)“The Microsoft GPU Services are being deployed in nine tranches during 2025 and 2026.”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- phase delivery: delivery 1 tranche (Tranche 1 of 9; delivered)“The Group delivered the first tranche to Microsoft in November 2025 and the second tranche in February 2026.”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- termination / amendment: termination per-tranche termination right remedy for specified delivery delays or repeated availability failures (plus service credits)“The agreement includes service-level commitments and provides Microsoft with rights to receive service credits or to terminate individual tranches in the event of specified delivery delays or repeated failure to meet availability requirements.”SEC filing · April 2026 · grade A
- termination / amendment: termination 2 additional GPU tranches (Tranches 10-11, added by Addendum 1)“Under this Addendum 1, Nebius will make available to Microsoft 2 additional GPU tranches”SEC filing · Jan. 2026 · grade A
- termination / amendment: termination 19400000000 USD maximum contract value if Microsoft acquires additional services/capacity“Microsoft may also acquire additional services and/or capacity under the Agreement, which would increase the total contract value to about $19.4 billion.”SEC filing · Sept. 2025 · grade A
- Tenants: Nebius (operator / anchor tenant); end customer Microsoft“on September 7, 2025, our wholly owned subsidiary, Nebius, Inc., entered into a commercial agreement with Microsoft Corp. ("Microsoft"), pursuant to which we are providing Microsoft access to dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity”SEC filing · Sept. 2025 · grade A
- Tenants: Nebius Group N.V. (operator/anchor tenant); Microsoft Corporation (end customer under Nebius capacity agreement)“entered into a commercial agreement with Microsoft to provide Microsoft access to dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity in tranches at its new data center in Vineland, New Jersey”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): contract value 17400000000 USD“subject to deployment and availability, the total contract value is expected to be about $17.4 billion through 2031”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): expansion option 19400000000 USD“Microsoft may acquire additional services and/or capacity under the Agreement, which would increase the total contract value to approximately $19.4 billion”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): term 5 years“to provide Microsoft access to dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity in tranches (each, a GPU Service) at its new data center in Vineland, New Jersey over a five-year term”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): termination (tranche delivery failure)“following a grace period, if the Company fails to meet agreed delivery dates for a GPU Service and cannot provide alternative capacity, Microsoft has the right to terminate that GPU Service”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): termination for cause“either party may terminate for cause for the other's material breach if not remedied within 60 days, or if the other party ceases doing business, dissolves, or enters bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): service levels / liquidated damages“the Agreement contains service level commitments, liquidated damages for late delivery, representations and warranties, indemnities and limitations of liability”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Commercial agreement (dedicated GPU infrastructure capacity): condition precedent (financing)“the parties' obligations under the Agreement commence upon the Company's confirmation to Microsoft that it has secured any additional financing required for the capital expenditures under the Agreement”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Master fuel cell agreement (offtake): scope“first project with 328 MW of installed capacity expected to be operational this year, eliminating the need for reciprocating engines at the site”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 1774000 USD“Recorded: Jan. 22, 2026 · Price: $1,774,000 · Grantor: S MAIN ROAD LLC · Grantee: DATAONE VINELAND LLC · Parcel number: 14 07109-0000-00011 · Address: S MAIN RD · City: VINELAND”County deed records · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 1652000 USD“Recorded: Jan. 22, 2026 · Price: $1,652,000 · Grantor: PONTANO · Grantee: DATAONE VINELAND LLC · Parcel number: 14 07109-0000-00014- 1 · Address: S LINCOLN AVE · City: VINELAND”County deed records · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD“Recorded: July 23, 2025 · Grantor: BEYNEY · Grantee: DATAONE VINELAND LLC · Parcel number: 14 07503-0000-00035- 01 · Address: 3963 S LINCOLN AVE · City: VINELAND”County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
- Colocation agreement: capacity 300 MW“The New Jersey site — our first major data center in the US — will go live phase by phase and is expandable up to a total of 300 MW.”Company · March 2025 · grade B
- Tenant status: Nebius - tenant/operator under a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne signed March 6, 2025; Nebius owns the compute and supplies dedicated AI capacity to Microsoft under a contract reported a“Nebius signed a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne — including a $290 million upfront payment — to occupy the space”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Built-to-suit / colocation services agreement: term 10 years“On March 6, 2025, Nebius signed a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Built-to-suit / colocation services agreement: upfront payment 290000000 USD“including a $290 million upfront payment — to occupy the space while retaining ownership and management of the GPUs, CPUs and networking equipment inside”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Built-to-suit / colocation services agreement: termination, FINDING (clause not disclosed)“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no termination, cancellation, exit-fee or failure-to-perform clause for the Nebius–DataOne agreement appears in any public source opened, including Nebius's FY2025 20-F, which does not name DataOne”grade C
- Master fuel cell agreement (offtake): guaranteed capacity 250 MW“providing approximately 250 MW of guaranteed capacity and 328 MW of installed capacity, according to a Nebius securities filing”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Master fuel cell agreement (offtake): term / phases three 10-year phases“Bloom will install, operate and maintain fuel-cell systems in three phases, providing approximately 250 MW of guaranteed capacity and 328 MW of installed capacity”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Master fuel cell agreement (offtake): service fees ceiling 2600000000 USD“Signed in May, the companies agreed to deploy 328MW of behind-the-meter solid oxide fuel cell capacity at a US site, in a deal worth up to $2.6 billion in service fees over ten years”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Master fuel cell agreement (offtake): termination, FINDING (clause not disclosed)“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no termination, cancellation or exit clause for the Nebius–Bloom master agreement appears in any public source opened; disclosed terms are limited to capacity, phases and the fee ceiling”grade C
- Gas transportation agreement: firm transportation 125 MW (generation supported)“the filed agreement provides firm transportation sized to support up to 125 MW of generation”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- UEZ loan (City of Vineland Urban Enterprise Zone): approval 6198786 USD“Vineland City Council had agonized about the decision to give final approval to grant the money to the controversial company, tabling it at an early December meeting, then passing it at the final meeting of 2025”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- UEZ loan (City of Vineland Urban Enterprise Zone): declination (never drawn)“declining the money because I listen to people (in the community) — that's who I am”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Five-year tax exemption (PILOT): tax exemption“Vineland also granted the facility a five-year tax exemption”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Five-year tax exemption (PILOT): terms, FINDING (executed text not located)“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no executed five-year abatement agreement, ordinance text, minimum-investment covenant, jobs floor or clawback for DataOne was located in any public source opened; only the grant of the exemption is reported”grade C
- Land transfer / redevelopment: land transfer 1 USD per lot“held the property until February 26, 2025, when it transferred the campus lots to DataOne for $1 each”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Redevelopment designation: designated redeveloper“Its real estate affiliate, NEP Real Estate of Vineland Urban Renewal, was the City's designated redeveloper for the site”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Bloom deployment financing (program-level): project investment 1700000000 USD“US private credit platform Industrial Development Funding (IDF) and Oaktree Capital Management have agreed to invest $1.7 billion to support fuel cell developer Bloom Energy”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- NEP Real Estate of Vineland Urban Renewal LLC transfers the campus lots to DataOne for $1 each, weeks after the Nebius built-to-suit agreement (February 2025).“held the property until February 26, 2025, when it transferred the campus lots to DataOne for $1 each”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- DataOne presents the project at a public town hall at the Landis Theater; phase 1 structure reported complete in January 2026 and the campus operating its first phase on the interim engine fleet; CEO Beyney announces Dat“It happened at a midweek town hall held at Landis Theater on January 21”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- IDF and Oaktree agree to invest $1.7 billion supporting Bloom Energy fuel-cell deployments across Nebius's US data centers (program-level financing; Morgan Stanley tax equity, MUFG senior debt). Portfolio-level, never b“have agreed to invest $1.7 billion to support fuel cell developer Bloom Energy in deploying its solid oxide fuel system (SOFC) at Nebius' AI cloud data centers”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Nebius Q2 2026 earnings call: management states all Microsoft tranches due to date have been delivered (including two in the preceding month), construction of the building finished earlier in the summer, engineering fit-“We delivered all the tranches that we were required to deliver under the contract up to date”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland issues two stop-construction orders in August 2026 (August 6: LNG storage tank; August 10: Bloom fuel cell units) for work performed without construction permits; penalty exposure $2,000 per violation pe“Vineland issued two stop work orders over construction permits”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Jobs claims conflict and carry no covenant: about 70 on-site personnel (city planner figure cited by opponents from the June 2025 hearing); 150–200 permanent jobs (DataOne statements); about 200 permanent on-site jobs an“Nebius says the project is expected to support about 1,000 construction jobs and about 200 permanent on-site jobs”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Hosting agreement: term 5 years“Microsoft has signed a five year deal to use GPU services from neocloud Nebius Group.”News report · Sept. 2025 · grade C
- Hosting agreement: contract value 17400000000 USD“The contract is worth $17.4 billion over the half decade, although further services and capacity could bring the deal up to $19.4bn.”News report · Sept. 2025 · grade C
- Tenant status: signed“On March 6, 2025, Nebius signed a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne — including a $290 million upfront payment — to occupy the space”News report · March 2025 · grade C
- Colocation agreement: term 10 years“On March 6, 2025, Nebius signed a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne — including a $290 million upfront payment — to occupy the space”News report · March 2025 · grade C
- Colocation agreement: prepayment 290000000 USD“On March 6, 2025, Nebius signed a 10-year colocation services agreement with DataOne — including a $290 million upfront payment — to occupy the space”News report · March 2025 · grade C
Permits and government (30)
- Site plan, preliminary/final major: approved (7-0)“preliminary/final major site plan approval for 2,647,628 sq ft of data centers, 169,348 sq ft office building, a 4-story parking garage, over four (4) phases”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Air permits (interim engine fleet): violation, installation/operation without preconstruction permit and operating certificate“installing and operating 62 large natural-gas power generators without the requisite DEP permits”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Site inspection: inspection, generators not observed“the generators were not observed during DEP's previous inspection in December 2025”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Site inspection: inspection, 62 generators found installed and operating“stems from a July 29, 2026 site inspection”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Penalty Assessment (AONOCAPA): penalty assessed, $1.07 million“This enforcement action, by far the largest ever taken against a data center in New Jersey and possibly one of the largest such actions in the nation”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- City of Vineland Planning Board (special meeting): Preliminary/final major site plan, Project PBA-24-00022, NEP Real Estate – Data Center (2,647,628 sq ft of data centers, four phases)“preliminary/final major site plan approval for 2,647,628 sq ft of data centers, 169,348 sq ft office building, a 4-story parking garage, over four (4) phases”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Penalty Assessment: Issued Sept. 22, 2026 - penalty $1.07M assessed; DataOne ordered to immediately apply for and obtain preconstruction permit + operating certificate or cease operat“installing and operating 62 1,982-kilowatt stationary reciprocating generators (known as engines) without first obtaining a preconstruction permit and valid operating certificate”State agency · Sept. 2026 · grade A
- Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Administrative Penalty Assessment: $1.07M penalty assessed; apply for permits or cease operations“installing and operating 62 1,982-kilowatt stationary reciprocating generators (known as engines) without first obtaining a preconstruction permit”State agency · Sept. 2026 · grade B
- Construction stage: phase 1 complete (reported complete in January 2026, in an 'exceptionally fast 20 weeks'); building shell completed in summer 2026 with fit-out under way and phase 2 / the 587,980 sq ft expansion unde“a January 10, 2026 industry brief reported the first phase finished in an “exceptionally fast 20 weeks,” and a February 26, 2026 update stated phase one was complete with phase two under way”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site plan, amended (engine-plant power design): special meeting held; outcome document not retrieved“Coordination with Atlantic City Electric is ongoing, and efforts are being made to secure power from their 138 kV line located in the utility easement adjacent to the site”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air permit application (Bergen engine plant): application withdrawn“DataOne originally submitted a permit application for more than 30 Bergen gas-burning engines; NJDEP found multiple deficiencies in the application”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air permits (interim engine fleet): none issued, no applications under review“has issued no permits, nor are any permit applications under review for power generators at the DataOne facility in Vineland”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- AONOCAPA deadlines (order mechanics): deadline, permit applications within 45 days of receipt or cease“DataOne has 45 days from receipt to submit the required permit and operating-certificate applications and obtain approvals”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stop-construction order: stop work, LNG storage tank“Vineland issued two stop work orders over construction permits”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stop-construction order: stop work, Bloom fuel cell units“Vineland issued two stop work orders over construction permits”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site plan, amended preliminary/final major: approved (8-1)“approved amendments to the facility's development plan 8-1”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Resolution memorializing amended site plan approval: adopted“Its decision was memorialized in Resolution No. 6767, dated September 9”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Noise citation: citation alleged in residents' complaint“the Cumberland County Department of Public Health cited DataOne for violating noise ordinances for nighttime sound levels in March”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- NJPDES / stormwater: none located“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no NJPDES or standalone stormwater permit for the DataOne Vineland campus was located in any portal searched; stormwater approvals run through the municipal site plan”grade C
- The New Jersey Environmental Justice Alliance writes to the City Council and Planning Board urging withdrawal of all approvals for Project PBA-24-00022 pending a comprehensive independent environmental review, and critic“respectfully submits this letter to urge the Planning Board and City of Vineland City Council to withdraw all approvals for Project PBA-24-00022”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Floodlight/The Guardian thermal-drone investigation publishes: at least 45 of the 62 generators operating in mid-August 2026; NJDEP confirms no generator permits issued or under review. Community groups (Stand.earth coal“Last month, Floodlight flew a thermal drone alongside the facility and found the site operating 45 of the site's 62 generators”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Academic estimate (Rutgers assistant professor Xiaomeng Jin, via Floodlight's follow-up): the unpermitted fleet released about 140 tons of NOx before intervention, ranking it among the state's top five NOx polluters; at“the fleet released about 140 tons of nitrogen oxides, a level that would rank it among the state's top five NOx polluters”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland Planning Board (special meeting): Amended plan / power design, Atlantic City Electric coordination and short-term Vineland substation draw“Coordination with Atlantic City Electric is ongoing, and efforts are being made to secure power from their 138 kV line located in the utility easement adjacent to the site”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland City Council: $6,198,786 Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ) loan to DataOne“tabling it at an early December meeting, then passing it at the final meeting of 2025”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland City Council (final meeting of 2025): $6,198,786 Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ) loan to DataOne“A knowledgeable city official estimated the interest for the one-year term of the bridge financing at $350,000 to $375,000”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Public town hall, Landis Theater (DataOne-hosted): Project Q&A; UEZ loan; environmental impacts“It happened at a midweek town hall held at Landis Theater on January 21”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland Planning Board (special hearing, Landis Theater): Amended site plan, Bloom fuel-cell power plan replacing on-site generators“On Aug. 5, city planning board members held a special meeting solely to review the revised DataOne proposal”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland Planning Board (special meeting, Landis Theater): Amended preliminary/final major site plan, fuel-cell plan, LNG tank, reservoir“approved amendments to the facility's development plan 8-1”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- City of Vineland issued stop-work orders on Aug 6 and Aug 10, 2026 for work performed without construction permits (LNG tank / fuel-cell installation)“The Aug. 6 and Aug. 10 enforcements from the City of Vineland cite working without a construction permit for two separate occasions”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- air permit (prime): Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Penalty Assessment issued - $1.07 million penalty; obtain permits within 45 days or cease operating the generators“The DEP's Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Penalty Assessment (AONOCAPA) stems from a July 29 site inspection of the facility, during which the power generators were observed.”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
Legal (4)
- Developer: DataOne (DataOne Vineland LLC; DataOne USA LLC)“DataOne is the owner and operator, with Nebius Group N.V. the tenant”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Vineland residents sue DataOne in state court over noise from the data center at Lincoln and Sheridan avenues; plaintiffs include Andrew and Stevi Groetsch. A third resident plaintiff is reported by September 2026 (see c“Two Vineland residents sued in May, alleging that noise from the data center at Lincoln and Sheridan avenues disrupted their quality of life”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Sustain SJ files a 14-page action in lieu of prerogative writs in Cumberland County Superior Court against the City of Vineland, its Planning Board and DataOne USA LLC, seeking to overturn the amended site plan approval“The 14-page complaint, filed in Cumberland County Superior Court, alleges that the planning board improperly approved the development despite deficiencies in its stormwater management plans”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- a property-value class action is reported; Sustain SJ sued (Oct 2026) to overturn the Planning Board's site-plan approval“Two Vineland residents sued in May, alleging that noise from the data center at Lincoln and Sheridan avenues disrupted their quality of life and their ability to enjoy their homes”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
Site and other (15)
- Building sq ft: 2647628 sq ft“preliminary/final major site plan approval for 2,647,628 sq ft of data centers, 169,348 sq ft office building, a 4-story parking garage, over four (4) phases”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Block lot: Block 7503, Lots 1.01 & 35.01“SE corner of Lincoln Ave and Sheridan Ave, Block 7503, Lots 1.01 & 35.01, Project No. PBA-24-00022”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Original target date: 2025“with the first capacity expected to be completed as early as summer 2025”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Site acres: 107 acres“All of it sits on one piece of ground: about 107 acres at 3963 South Lincoln Avenue in Vineland, Cumberland County”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Project status: under construction“The data center project was first announced back in March 2025, and construction was set to be completed in three phases. Phase one is already complete and phase two is underway”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Aliases: DataOne Vineland; Vineland AI Factory; Microsoft-Nebius New Jersey“The Vineland project is being built as an AI factory with 14 data halls and a maximum capacity of 350 megawatts”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Address: 3963 S Lincoln Ave, Vineland, NJ“The data center at 3963 S. Lincoln Ave. has become controversial to neighboring property owners and to members of environmental groups”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stage: at risk“This enforcement action, by far the largest ever taken against a data center in New Jersey and possibly one of the largest such actions in the nation”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Current target date: Dec. 2026“Construction is expected to finish in late December, according to the company's own website”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Building sq ft: 717602 sq ft“The amended project includes a 129,622-square-foot data center building and a proposed 587,980-square-foot, two-story expansion”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site acres: 106.6 acres“amended preliminary and final major site plan for the approximately 106.6-acre DataOne property at 3963 South Lincoln Avenue, Block 7503, Lot 35.01”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Water storage: 27000000 gallons“cooling water stored in a 27-million-gallon reservoir”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Residents report noise from the site beginning November 2025 (a persistent hum audible about a mile away); complaints continue through 2026 and a county health citation follows in March 2026 (alleged in the residents' co“noise complaints since November 2025”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Pinelands Alliance describes the Vineland project as a 350-megawatt, 2.6 million-square-foot data center and argues residents have not been kept up to date; Sierra Club NJ and Sustain South Jersey also publicly oppose th“By Feb. 11, 2026, Pinelands Alliance was describing the Vineland project as a 350-megawatt, 2.6 million-square-foot data center”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Company projections: about 200 permanent jobs at the completed project; operations begin 2027“Nebius and DataOne say the completed project will use Bloom fuel cells, create about 200 permanent jobs and begin operating in 2027”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
Imagery and records: County deeds: ATTOM.