Data center profile · Southeast of I-95 and Mudd Tavern Road, Woodford, Caroline County (with a corner in Spotsylvania County), Virginia

Amazon Mattameade Tech Campus

Amazon's 11-building campus across Caroline and Spotsylvania counties, Virginia: 770 MW minimum by 2027 (county filing), cranes up but wetlands permit decision not on record.

Under construction. Seven federal crane filings in 2026 show vertical construction under way, and Dominion began building the Orrock Substation in Feb. 2026. The Army Corps wetlands permit was noticed in Feb. 2025; no decision or electric service agreement is on record.
770 MW
minimum capacity by 2027, per county filing
stated campus capacity; IT capacity is not disclosed in any document
11
two-story data-center buildings planned
about 4.5M sq ft (press); plus an administration building and three substation pads
$6B per county
minimum Amazon investment pledged by June 30, 2040
stated in each of the Caroline and Spotsylvania agreements
1,143 acres
project area in the federal permit notice
13 parcels; Amazon owns about 1,074.5 acres
OperatorAmazon Data Services (AWS), owner-operator
CustomerAmazon Web Services (self-occupied)
Planned IT capacity616 MW at full build-out (our estimate from the company's 770 MW campus power figure)
First building in serviceOur estimate: 2027 (range 2026 to 2027); company says 2027.
Next deadlineFeb. 7, 2029: Reclaimed-water service date in the Spotsylvania agreement; the first water and sewer delivery date of Oct. 9, 2026 has passed with no delivery on record
Power

Power and the grid

None energized or contracted yet

Dominion Energy (high-voltage step-down) and Rappahannock Electric Cooperative (distribution)Substations under construction
770 MW
both utilities say they can serve the campus on time; no signed service agreement found State agency · Oct. 2024
Under construction
Not used, not on record, or dropped

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. Oct. 21, 2024
    Permit application describes shared substations
    Three substation pads are split between Dominion, which steps power down, and the cooperative, which distributes it. State agency · Oct. 2024
  2. Feb. 1, 2026
    Dominion starts the Orrock Substation
    Construction began Feb. 2026 with completion due late 2026. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
  3. Not set
    Electric service agreement: none found
    No executed service agreement or special contract naming the campus is in the record. State agency · Oct. 2026

What is next door

campus1.79 km · 345 kV+ line5.12 km · gas pipeline9.40 km · 345 kV+ substationcampus1.79 km · 345 kV+ line5.12 km · gas pipeline9.40 km · 345 kV+ substation

Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026

Permits

Permits checklist

3 pending · 4 granted

Risks

What could slow it down

Money

Money on record

$6B each
minimum investment pledged to each county by 2040
Caroline and Spotsylvania agreements; grants shrink pro rata if investment falls short State agency · Dec. 2024
$86.2M
cap on Caroline incentive grants
60% of new tax revenue, capped at 10% of infrastructure cost; Amazon may terminate State agency · Dec. 2024
$93.3M
cap on Spotsylvania incentive grants
covers all Amazon projects in that county State agency · Dec. 2024
$111.1M
Amazon-funded water and sewer infrastructure appropriated by Spotsylvania
approved 7-0 in Mar. 2025 (press); Amazon's parent guaranty is capped at $70M News report · March 2025
57.5% / 42.5%
Caroline and Spotsylvania split of local tax revenue after grants
40-year term from the first 1M sq ft occupancy permit State agency · Nov. 2024
$135M+
Amazon-funded reclaimed-water system in Spotsylvania (press)
News report · Oct. 2026
Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. June 1, 2023
    Permits Caroline County amends its plan to allow the technology-park district at the site State agency · Dec. 2024
  2. Oct. 10, 2023
    Permits Spotsylvania rezones its portion of the tract to industrial use State agency · Dec. 2024
  3. Oct. 24, 2023
    Permits Caroline rezones 916 acres to the technology-park district at Amazon's request Local government · Oct. 2023
  4. Dec. 12, 2023
    Money Spotsylvania approves its performance agreement with Amazon (press) News report · Nov. 2024
  5. Jan. 23, 2024
    Money Caroline's performance agreement with Amazon takes effect State agency · Nov. 2024
  6. Oct. 21, 2024
    Permits Amazon files its joint wetlands permit application State agency · Oct. 2024
  7. Dec. 2, 2024
    Money State commission on local government reports on the two counties' revenue-sharing agreement State agency · Dec. 2024
  8. Feb. 13, 2025
    Permits Army Corps publishes notice of the wetlands permit application State agency · Feb. 2025
  9. March 1, 2025
    Money Spotsylvania appropriates $111.1M for Amazon-funded water and sewer works (press) News report · March 2025
  10. Feb. 1, 2026
    Power Dominion begins building the Orrock Substation Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
  11. April 8, 2026
    Construction First of seven 2026 crane filings for Mattameade, pointing to vertical construction FAA · Oct. 2026
  12. Oct. 9, 2026
    Power Scheduled service delivery date for the first water and sewer extensions; no delivery is on record State agency · Dec. 2024
  13. June 2040
    Money Deadline for Amazon's $6B investment in each county State agency · Dec. 2024
Construction activity

Building activity by quarter

Since March 2013: 5 FAA filings (April 2026 to Aug. 2026): tallest crane 250 ft (May 2026); 29 satellite captures. The chart starts in the first quarter of 2021; 1 earlier record is not drawn.

FAA filings
Satellite
’21
’22
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 4. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings

Specs

916 + 158.5 acres
Caroline and Spotsylvania portions of the Amazon-owned tract
State agency · Dec. 2024
78 ft
building height as designed; the zoning cap is 65 ft
State agency · Oct. 2024
1,980 gal a minute
maximum water once the reuse system is built (press)
News report · Feb. 2026
5.6 acres
wetlands permanently affected, plus 3,153 ft of stream
State agency · Feb. 2025
Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Owners
  • Amazon Data Services, Inc.: developer and owner of about 1,074.5 acres
  • Amazon.com, Inc.: parent, guarantees up to $70M of water works
Former landowners
  • DS Real Estate Holdings LLC (Fredericksburg-area, formed Dec. 2020), the Orrock family trust, Brian Orrock and Michael and Julie Creech: owners of record at the 2023 rezoning
Decision-makers
  • Caroline County and Spotsylvania County boards of supervisors
  • Virginia Commission on Local Government (reviewed the revenue-sharing deal)
  • Army Corps of Engineers (Norfolk) and Virginia DEQ: wetlands permits
Power and water
  • Dominion Energy Virginia and Rappahannock Electric Cooperative: electricity
  • Spotsylvania County Utilities: water, reclaimed water and sewer
  • Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative: temporary construction power
Advisers
  • Kimley-Horn: permit applicant's engineer
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

273 records from 33 documents

Drawn from news reports, state agency records, local government records, public and commercial datasets, securities filings, utility regulator dockets, company statements and satellite captures, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 13State agency 10Local government 5Dataset 4SEC filing 2Utility regulator 1Company 1Satellite 0
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (27)
  • SEC filings: Amazon has never named Caroline County, Mattameade, Woodford, Orrock or Mudd Tavern in any filing - the 770 MW utility figure (an unverified v0.1 lead carried from a federal permit application) is stated in
    “CIK-constrained search of all Amazon filings for "Caroline County" returned 0 documents”
    SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Project scope: 11 two-story data center buildings, one central administration building, three substation pads, water treatment plant and sewer infrastructure on 1,143 acres across 13 parcels
    “The Project is proposed within a 13-parcel area totaling approximately 1,143 acres.”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Interconnection status: Dominion Energy service territory (Caroline/Spotsylvania Counties VA) with NO executed electric service agreement or ESA found in the sources checked - the queue note and the tree agree on this; t
    “NAO-2024-01108, VMRC# 24-2491 - The applicant has proposed to construct a data center to be known as Mattameade Data Center.”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • large load interconnection request: Public notice issued Feb. 13, 2025; comment period closed March 15, 2025; construction under way by Apr 2026 per FAA crane determinations (permit issuance itself not sighted in a primary reco
    “NAO-2024-01108, VMRC# 24-2491 - The applicant has proposed to construct a data center to be known as Mattameade Data Center.”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Power plan: grid (dual utility: Dominion Energy step-down plus Rappahannock Electric Cooperative distribution)
    “Both Dominion Energy and Rappahannock Electric Cooperative (REC) power companies will be functioning on site and will work within their respective half of each substation”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Utility: Dominion Energy Virginia and Rappahannock Electric Cooperative
    “Dominion handles the step down of power from the high voltage power lines onsite, and REC handles the distribution from the substation to the campus itself”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Stated campus size: 770 MW
    “development of a minimum of roughly 770 MW of data center capacity by 2027”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Original target date: 2027
    “a minimum of roughly 770 MW of data center capacity by 2027”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Utility: Dominion Energy (service territory; no executed service agreement found)
    “Dominion Energy (service territory; no executed service agreement or ESA found in sources checked)”
    grade B
  • County code: 51033, 51177
    “USACE notice places the project area in both Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties; FCC lookup puts the notice point in Spotsylvania County (51177) and the queue dataset point in Caroline County (51033); buildings and substation pads span the 13-parcel area”
    Dataset · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 1.79 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest substation of 345 kV or more: 9.4 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest gas pipeline: 5.12 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • IT capacity: not stated
    “Documented absence: no IT-load figure is disclosed in the JPA, the CLG report, either LPA, the WSA or the EGSA; only campus capacity (770 MW) is stated”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Utility service: not stated
    “both Dominion and Rappahannock power companies are able to provide power to the proposed campus within the required timeline”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • On-site generation: not stated
    “Documented absence: no on-site generation is proposed in the JPA project description; power is grid-supplied via three substation pads; backup generation, if any, is not quantified”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Construction stage: permitting (entitled; federal/state water permits pending; no construction start found)
    “11 two-story data center buildings, one one-story central administration building, secure entrances/access roads, stormwater facilities, security fence line, three substation pads, electrical utility infrastructure”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Stage: entitled and contracted on incentives and water; power uncontracted; wetlands permit pending
    “ADS intends to make a minimum of six billion dollars of capital investments in EACH county by June 30, 2040”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Current target date: 2027
    “The purpose of the proposed Project is to develop a centralized, largescale, data center campus in Caroline or Spotsylvania County that allows for the development of a minimum of roughly 770 MW of data center capacity by 2027”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Dominion Energy Orrock Substation (Caroline County): pre-construction Oct. 2025 to early 2026, construction begins Feb. 2026, construction complete late 2026, per Dominion's project page. Grid infrastructure for the camp
    “February 2026 Construction begins; Late 2026 Construction complete, restoration begins”
    Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Power step: committed
    “February 2026 Construction begins”
    Company · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • Orrock substation completion: late 2026
    “Late 2026 Construction complete, restoration begins”
    Company · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • Valley Link 765 kV program (Dominion / Transource / FirstEnergy), approved by PJM in Feb. 2025, includes a new substation in Caroline County - regional bulk-power context, not a campus commitment
    “building approximately 115 miles of 765 kV transmission line and a substation between Campbell County and Culpeper County ... and building a new substation in Caroline County”
    News report · Feb. 2026 · grade C
  • In the FOIA-released Spotsylvania water agreements, an Amazon annotation states the company plans to use air cooling most of the time and expects maximum water use only on the hottest days, about 4.1% of the year; the ag
    “these are Amazon's current expectations, and that expectations can change over the course of a long-term agreement”
    News report · Feb. 2026 · grade C
  • Post-entitlement headwinds in Caroline County: the Planning Commission voted 4-2 to recommend denial of the separate Ladysmith Data Hub amid sustained resident opposition on water, power and rural character; the county p
    “The supervisors approved two data centers in the county - one near the Spotsylvania County border in Woodford and another in Carmel Church”
    News report · July 2025 · grade C
  • Stated campus size: 770 MW
    “The company plans to establish a capacity of at least 770 megawatts (MW) for the site by 2027”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
  • Stated campus size: 770 MW
    “The company plans to establish a capacity of at least 770 megawatts (MW) for the site by 2027”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
Money and contracts (54)
  • Entitlement status: joint permit application (CWA Sections 404/401) NAO-2024-01108 / VMRC 24-2491 noticed Feb 13, 2025; an Individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver from Virginia DEQ is still required;
    “the applicant must obtain an Individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver from the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Wetland stream impacts: Permanent impacts 4.85 ac PEM + 0.72 ac PFO + 0.05 ac scrub-shrub wetlands and 3,153 LF stream channel; temporary 1.17 ac PEM + 97 LF; 0.11 ac PFO-to-PEM conversion; mitigation 6.48 wetland credit
    “The project would permanently impact 4.85 acres of palustrine emergent wetlands (PEM), 0.72 acre of palustrine forested wetlands (PFO), 0.05 acre of palustrine scrub shrub, and 3,153 linear feet of stream channel”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Wetlands impact: 5.62 wetland acres permanent; 3,153 stream linear feet permanent
    “permanently impact 4.85 acres of palustrine emergent wetlands (PEM), 0.72 acre of palustrine forested wetlands (PFO), 0.05 acre of palustrine scrub shrub, and 3,153 linear feet of stream channel”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Tenants: Amazon Data Services, Inc. (owner-operator; AWS campus)
    “ADS intends to construct, develop, and operate a Data Center facility in an area in Caroline at its border with Spotsylvania known as the Mattameade Tech Campus”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Tenant status: owner-occupied / self-tenanted
    “an approximately 1074.5 acre parcel located in both Counties and owned by ADS”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Stated capital cost: 6000000000 USD
    “ADS intends to make a minimum of six billion dollars of capital investments in each county by June 30, 2040”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Incentives: Caroline LPA annual grants of 60% of incremental tax revenue, capped at the lesser of 10% of infrastructure costs through Jun. 30, 2040 or $86,214,000; plus state Cloud Computing Cluster Infrastructure Grant
    “the specified maximum grant amount is $86,214,000, which will also be paid in yearly grants equal to 60% of the increased tax revenue”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Financing: No third-party project financing disclosed; Amazon.com, Inc. parent guaranty under the WSA is capped at $70,000,000 and covers only completion of water infrastructure under construction at a termination
    “ADS will execute and deliver to Provider a parent guaranty issued by Amazon.com, Inc., in favor of Provider, with a cap of $70,000,000.00”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): scope 6000000000 USD
    “ADS intends to make a minimum of six billion dollars of capital investments in each county by June 30, 2040”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): grant formula 60 % of incremental tax revenue
    “an annual grant to ADS equal to 60% of the increased tax revenue generated by data center development”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): cap 86214000 USD
    “Maximum Infrastructure Costs Reimbursement Amount means (i) 10% of Infrastructure Costs through June 30, 2040, or (ii) $86,214,000, whichever is smaller”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): condition Grant cap reduced pro rata if total capital investment by Jun. 30, 2040 is below $6B (example in text: $3B invested reduces the cap by 50%)
    “if total Capital Investments through June 30, 2040 are $3,000,000,000, then the reduced Maximum Infrastructure Costs Reimbursement Amount will equal the Maximum Infrastructure Costs Reimbursement Amount multiplied by 50%”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): grant tiers 10% of additional tax revenue on $6B-$10B total investment; 15% on $10B-$15B; 20% over $15B
    “Those additional incentives are listed in each County's LPA and reproduced in Table 2”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): term
    “This term of this Agreement will begin on the Effective Date and will terminate on December 31, 2051 unless terminated earlier in accordance with this Section X”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): termination Company (ADS) may terminate the agreement by giving notice of termination to the County
    “The Company may also terminate this Agreement by giving notice of termination to the County”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): termination condition County and EDA may cease Annual Infrastructure Grant and Investment Performance Grant payments if ADS makes a public, formal announcement of a plan to termi
    “cease any further Annual Infrastructure Grant and Investment Performance Grant payments to the Company if the Company makes a public, formal announcement of its plan to terminate the Project”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): repayment If grants paid exceed the (adjusted) Maximum Infrastructure Costs Reimbursement Amount, ADS repays the excess within 90 days of final calculation; the clause survives t
    “the Company will pay the County an amount equal to the excess within 90 days of final calculation. This Section X(E) will survive the termination of this Agreement”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): survival Grants due, owing and unpaid as of the termination date survive termination
    “Grants that are due, owing and unpaid as of the date of termination will survive the termination of this Agreement”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): scope LPA grants fulfill the two-to-one local match required for the state Cloud Computing Cluster Infrastructure Grant Fund (Va. Code 59.1-284.42)
    “the grants are intended to fulfill the two-to-one local match required by the Commonwealth's Cloud Computing Cluster Infrastructure Grant Fund”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): scope 6000000000 USD
    “ADS intends to make a minimum of six billion dollars of capital investments in each county by June 30, 2040”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): cap 93303200 USD
    “the specified maximum grant amount for all ADS data center projects identified in the Spotsylvania LPA is $93,303,200”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: scope County designs and engineers, ADS constructs, the water/reclaimed-water/discharge infrastructure; services: Potable Water, Additional Potable Water, Level 1 Reclaimed Water
    “Provider will design and engineer the Infrastructure necessary to provide the following Provider Services: Potable Water, Additional Potable Water, Level 1 Reclaimed Water Production, Level 1 Reclaimed Water, and Discharge”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: condition Condition precedent: the WSA has no legal effect and is void and unenforceable unless and until the EGSA Revenue Share is established (section 2.1(c)(i))
    “This Agreement, despite any execution hereof, has no legal effect, is nonbinding, is unenforceable, and will be considered void in any legal action”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: condition Condition precedent: the County's commitments are wholly conditioned on completion of the Massaponax WWTP upgrades required under the separate WSA for Cosner Tech, Carte
    “The Provider's commitments in this Agreement are wholly conditioned upon the completion of the upgrades to the Massaponax Wastewater Treatment Plant”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: condition County's obligations are conditioned on ADS funding under section 1.3; the County is not required to encumber any general or utility enterprise funds
    “Provider is not, and will not be, required to encumber any general or utility enterprise funds for the Provider's performance”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: term 20-year initial term; automatic successive 12-month renewal terms unless either party gives written non-renewal notice at least 90 days before expiry
    “will remain in effect for 20 years (Initial Term)”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: termination ADS may terminate at any time on at least 90 days' written notice; ADS's sole liability is section 1.3 costs incurred, services provided, and section 2.2(c) completion
    “ADS may terminate this Agreement at any time by providing written notice to Provider at least 90 days prior to the date of such termination”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: termination County termination from closure only: operations permanently ceased for more than 12 consecutive months AND at least 3 years since the Effective Date AND the County ha
    “Provider may terminate this Agreement upon 90 days' prior written notice only if the Projects permanently cease their data center operations for more than 12 consecutive months”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: guaranty 70000000 USD
    “ADS will execute and deliver to Provider a parent guaranty issued by Amazon.com, Inc., in favor of Provider, with a cap of $70,000,000.00”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: scope Table 1 delivery schedule: design and engineering delivery Sep. 18, 2025 and Jul. 8, 2026; service delivery Oct. 9, 2026 (waterline/sewer extensions) and Feb. 7, 2029 (reuse
    “Service Delivery Date: 10/9/2026 10/9/2026 2/7/2029 2/7/2029”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: reimbursement 15000000 USD
    “Estimated ADS Infrastructure Reimbursement Amount: $2,000,000 $2,000,000 $8,000,000 $3,000,000”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: condition ADS may use potable water as interim cooling water until Level 1 Reclaimed Water is available as permanent cooling water (section 3.3)
    “ADS may use Potable Water as interim cooling water until Level 1 Reclaimed Water is available for ADS's use as permanent cooling water”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water and wastewater services agreement: finding Finding: all flow quantities (gpm) in Table 1 of the filed WSA are redacted; the CLG states the exact potable, recycled and wastewater amounts are confidential and were no
    “The exact amount of potable and recycled water and wastewater capacity is confidential information protected by law and was therefore not shared with the Commission”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: revenue share 57.5 Caroline / 42.5 Spotsylvania % of MTC Area local taxes
    “the Counties hereby agree to the sharing of all Local Taxes received from the MTC Area after the payment of all grants and other incentive obligations ... as follows: 57.5% Caroline; 42.5% Spotsylvania”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: term 40 years from the occupancy-permit date for at least 1,000,000 sq ft of data center improvements; earlier end only after 6+ months of non-use plus removal of 75% of data center per
    “forty (40) years from the date that at least 1,000,000 square feet of Data Center improvements are constructed and receive an occupancy permit in the MTC Area”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: exclusivity Spotsylvania is the sole provider of Water Utilities for at least the first eleven (11) data centers for the entire Term; Caroline will not provide water utilities to the MT
    “Spotsylvania County will be the sole provider of Water Utilities for at least the first eleven (11) Data Centers in the MTC Area”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: scope All infrastructure located in the MTC Area is undertaken and paid for by ADS, not by either County
    “Any infrastructure located in the MTC Area related to, or connecting to, the MTC Area Infrastructure will be undertaken, and the related costs borne, by ADS”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: termination Neither party may terminate the EGSA for breach; breach requires written notice and a cure period (60 days for non-payment), with all legal remedies except termination
    “The non-breaching party shall have all available remedies under the law except that neither party shall terminate this Agreement for a breach thereof”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: termination Agreement terminates only on expiration of the Term unless both Counties agree in writing; accrued revenue-sharing payments survive termination
    “This Agreement shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term, unless otherwise specifically agreed to in writing by both Counties”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: condition Both Counties covenant to fully levy, assess and collect all Local Taxes and not to exempt MTC Area property or taxable events in the future
    “The Counties agree, to the fullest extent of the law, to not exempt any property or taxable events within the MTC Area in the future”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Economic growth sharing agreement: condition Neither County shall attempt to annex any portion of the MTC Area, nor use the agreement as a basis for annexation
    “The Counties agree that neither shall attempt to annex any portion of the MTC Area”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • Building height stated: 78 ft
    “data centers have been designed to a height of approximately 78 feet. The maximum building height in the PIRT zone is 65 feet”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • AWS $35 billion Virginia data center commitment by 2040 announced by Gov. Youngkin under the state cloud-computing incentive framework, with campus locations initially undetermined. Program context only - not campus cape
    “commitments to the Commonwealth of Virginia to invest $35 billion by 2040 to establish multiple data center campuses across Virginia”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Electric service agreement: finding No executed electric service agreement, ESA or special contract naming this campus was found in any source opened; the JPA states only that both utilities are able to provide power wit
    “Both Dominion and Rappahannock power companies are able to provide power to the proposed campus within the required timeline”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • State grant performance agreement: approval Approval of the tri-party Performance Agreement and authorization for the County Administrator to execute were requested on the BOS consent agenda for Jan. 27, 2026 / Feb. 10,
    “Approval of Attached Performance Agreement between Caroline County, the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority (VEDP) and Amazon Data Services, Inc.”
    Local government · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • State grant performance agreement: scope State grants for infrastructure and workforce development to data center companies meeting job creation and capital investment targets; Commonwealth grants matched two-for-one by
    “the Grant Program requires that the Commonwealth grants are matched on a two-for-one basis (the Local Match) by the locality”
    Local government · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): finding Finding: no Mattameade-specific termination or clawback clause - the grant-cessation clause reaches only termination of the entire county-wide Project, not abandonment of
    “Each county EDA will pay ADS an annual grant equal to 60% of the increased (incremental) tax revenue from data center development, until the agreement expires or total grants reach the specified cap”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade B
  • Amazon-funded Spotsylvania water reuse buildout: the reuse water system is reported at more than $135 million (Free Lance-Star, Jun. 2026) and a $460 million Massaponax WWTP upgrade broke ground in Sep. 2026 (FXBG Advanc
    “Amazon, which is building several data center projects in the county, agreed to pay for the reuse water system, which will cost more than $135 million”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Square feet: 4500000 sq ft
    “a 920-acre site set to host 4.5 million sq ft (418,063 sqm) across 11 data centers”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • King George County, which signed a substantively identical ADS performance agreement in Dec. 2023 and then tried to rescind it, settled with AWS in 2026 on terms acknowledging AWS vested rights. Precedent for the uniform
    “the settlement acknowledges that AWS has vested rights to build the data center in that area”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors appropriated $111.1 million for the Amazon Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Agreement (Amazon-funded) - the county-side buildout the Mattameade WSA depends on
    “Budget and appropriation of $111,100,000 for the Amazon Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Agreement (public hearing required): Motion passed, 7-0”
    News report · March 2025 · grade C
  • First announced: Dec. 12, 2023
    “Spotsylvania entered a performance agreement with Amazon Data Services for the project Dec. 12, 2023, and Caroline engaged with ADS a little over a month later on Jan. 23”
    News report · Nov. 2024 · grade C
  • Local performance agreement (incentives): scope Spotsylvania's performance agreement obligates the county to provide water for Mattameade as well as for data centers wholly located in Spotsylvania
    “The performance agreement that Spotsylvania entered dictates that it provides water for Mattameade as well as any data centers wholly located in the county”
    News report · Nov. 2024 · grade C
  • At the Germanna Community College launch event, Caroline County Supervisor Jeff Black stated AWS is investing $6 billion in Caroline County - a county-wide figure under the LPA structure, not a Mattameade-only figure
    “Speaking of the $6 billion investment AWS is making in Caroline, Black said”
    News report · March 2024 · grade C
Permits and government (37)
  • Federal permit application: Joint federal/state permit application (CWA Section 404 + Virginia Water Protection) public-noticed as NAO-2024-01108 / VMRC# 24-2491 on Feb. 13, 2025; applicant Amazon Data Services, Inc.
    “The District Commander has received a joint permit application for Federal and State permits as described below”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • permit type=large load interconnection request; the campus's federal/state joint: Public notice issued Feb. 13, 2025; comment period closed March 15, 2025; construction under way by Apr 2026 per FAA crane determinations (permit
    “NAO-2024-01108, VMRC# 24-2491 - The applicant has proposed to construct a data center to be known as Mattameade Data Center.”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Section 404/401 joint permit application: public notice / application
    “three substation pads, associated electrical utility infrastructure to connect the substations to the campus”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • CWA Section 404 Individual Permit / VA Water Protection Permit (joint permit app: federal public notice issued; comment period opened
    “The District Commander has received a joint permit application for Federal and State permits as described below”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Section 401 Water Quality Certification: required - pending with the joint application
    “the applicant must obtain an Individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver from the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • CZM federal consistency concurrence: consistency certification submitted
    “The applicant has submitted concurrence”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: Comprehensive plan amendment designating the Mattameade area as suitable for the PIRT district
    “Caroline County first amended its comprehensive plan to designate the area as suitable for the PIRT district in June of 2023”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Comprehensive plan amendment for the Spotsylvania portion of the MTC Area
    “That amendment was approved by the Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors on July 11, 2023”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: PIRT district added to the Caroline County zoning ordinance
    “The PIRT district was added to the zoning ordinance on October 10, 2023”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Rezoning of the Spotsylvania portion of the MTC Area to Industrial 1 (application filed May 10, 2023)
    “The rezoning application was brought on May 10, 2023, and approved by the Board of Supervisors on October 10, 2023”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Joint resolution referring the proposed Economic Growth Sharing Agreement to the Commission on Local Government (consent agenda)
    “at its regular meeting held on November 12, 2024, the Board of Supervisors of Spotsylvania reviewed and considered the form of the Agreement”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: Joint resolution referring the proposed Economic Growth Sharing Agreement to the Commission on Local Government
    “Joint Resolution ... Referring Their Proposed Economic Growth Sharing Agreement to the Commission on Local Government Review, adopted by the Board of Supervisors at a meeting held on November 14, 2024”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Commission on Local Government (special meeting): EGSA fact-finding report discussed, amended and adopted; report sent to the counties (agreement not binding until both counties approve after public hearing)
    “The Draft Agreement was further discussed with the Counties at a Special Meeting of the Commission on December 2, 2024, where this report was discussed, amended, and adopted”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Caroline County: Local Performance Agreement with Amazon Data Services effective (county engagement; executed document dated Feb. 22, 2024)
    “pursuant to that certain Economic Development Local Performance Agreement effective as of January 23, 2024 (the Caroline Performance Agreement) between Caroline and Amazon Data Services, Inc.”
    State agency · Nov. 2024 · grade A
  • CWA Section 404 Individual Permit / VA Water Protection Permit (joint permit app: application filed
    “Please see attached ... the Joint Permit Application (JPA) for the Mattameade Data Center project located in Woodford, Virginia”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Compensatory mitigation (wetland/stream credits): proposed in application
    “The applicant has proposed to mitigate for wetland impacts by purchasing 6.48 wetland credits and 2,346 stream credits”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Water Quality Impact Assessment (county permit prerequisite): required before construction - not yet submitted per the JPA
    “Kimley-Horn will prepare and submit a Water Quality Impact Assessment (WQIA) to Caroline County”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination: issued
    “A Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination (PJD) for the Project was issued by the USACE on October 11, 2024”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Zoning caroline: PIRT (Planned Innovation, Research and Technology Park)
    “the MTC Area was rezoned to the PIRT district on October 24, 2023”
    State agency · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission (special joint meeting): RZ-02-2023 joint public hearing: rezoning from RP Rural Preservation to PIRT, tax maps 26-A-63, 27-A-1, 27-A-2, 27-A-3, 27-A-4 (portio
    “Request a Rezoning from RP, Rural Preservation ... to Planned Innovation, Research and Technology Park ... collectively consisting of approximately 916.07 acres”
    Local government · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • Zoning spotsylvania: Industrial 1 (I-1)
    “The Spotsylvania County portion of the MTC Area is currently zoned as Industrial 1, which allows light public utility uses”
    State agency · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • CWA Section 404 Individual Permit / VA Water Protection Permit (joint permit app: status check - no decision found
    “APPLICANT: Robb Truedinger, AWS Environmental Director, Amazon Data Services, Inc., 410 Terry Avenue South, Seattle, WA 98109”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-9171-OE: IAD 457 Crawler Gens, Mobile Crane, 250 ft AGL, 421 ft AMSL, 38.11210,-77.49933, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-08-03”
    FAA · Aug. 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6404-OE: IAD 458 Crane, Crane, 250 ft AGL, 415 ft AMSL, 38.11705,-77.50165, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-21”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6403-OE: IAD 458 Crane, Crane, 250 ft AGL, 421 ft AMSL, 38.11495,-77.50405, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-21”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6402-OE: IAD 458 Crane, Crane, 250 ft AGL, 428 ft AMSL, 38.11474,-77.49753, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-21”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-4463-OE: IAD 457 Mattameade, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 480 ft AMSL, 38.12464,-77.51409, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-04-08”
    FAA · April 2026 · grade B
  • FAA OE/AAA filings evidence vertical construction at Amazon's Caroline County (Mattameade Tech) campus VA: five 240-250-ft cranes filed Apr-Aug 2026 at the site - one under the campus's own project name ('IAD 457 Mattame
    “ASN 2026-AEA-4463-OE: IAD 457 Mattameade, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 480 ft AMSL, 38.12464,-77.51409, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-04-08”
    FAA · April 2026 · grade B
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: Consent agenda: approval of Performance Agreement between Caroline County, VEDP and Amazon Data Services, Inc. - Cloud Computing Cluster Infrastructure Grant Program (first listed Ja
    “Approval of Performance Agreement Between Caroline County, the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority and Amazon Data Services, Inc. - Cloud Computing Cluster Infrastructure Grant Program”
    Local government · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: Proposed Economic Growth Sharing Agreement with Spotsylvania County relating to the Mattameade Tech Campus (agenda item 4, post-CLG-review consideration)
    “Proposed Economic Growth Sharing Agreement between Caroline County, Virginia and Spotsylvania County, Virginia Relating to the Construction, Development and Operation of a Data Center Facility ... Known as the Mattameade Tech Campus”
    Local government · Dec. 2024 · grade B
  • Caroline County Board of Supervisors: TXT-10-2023 first reading: amend Article XI of the zoning ordinance to establish the PIRT development district
    “establish a Planned Innovation, Research and Technology (PIRT) Development zoning district, as part of Article XI”
    Local government · Aug. 2023 · grade B
  • Industrial wastewater discharge permit (local pretreatment): application public-noticed; comment period through Jul. 23, 2026
    “Amazon is seeking a permit to regulate the discharge of industrial wastewater from spent cooling water from the Mattameade Tech Campus into the Spotsylvania sanitary sewer collection system”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
  • FXBG Advance's Spotsylvania data center status column groups Mattameade with sites where Amazon is moving ahead, while the county map it reproduces classifies about 1,142 acres (the campus) as an approved rather than und
    “Amazon is moving ahead, with buildings going up on four sites: Summit Crossing, Carter Store, Cosner, and Mattameade”
    News report · Jan. 2026 · grade C
  • Caroline County Planning Director Leon Hughes told the Planning Commission the AWS (Mattameade) site is under construction and broke ground a couple of months earlier (~Sep 2025); the work described is off-site infrastru
    “The AWS site is under construction. They broke ground, a couple months ago,”
    News report · Nov. 2025 · grade C
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Budget and appropriation of $111,100,000 for the Amazon Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Agreement (Amazon-funded; public hearing required)
    “Budget and appropriation of $111,100,000 for the Amazon Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Agreement (public hearing required): Motion passed, 7-0”
    News report · March 2025 · grade C
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Economic Development Local Performance Agreement with Amazon Data Services (Spotsylvania LPA)
    “Spotsylvania entered a performance agreement with Amazon Data Services for the project Dec. 12, 2023”
    News report · Nov. 2024 · grade C
  • Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors: Wastewater/water services agreement to serve Mattameade (potable water, recycled water and sewer for the 11 data centers)
    “On Oct. 22, the county entered a wastewater agreement to serve Mattameade, providing potable water, recycled water and sewer for the 11 data centers”
    News report · Nov. 2024 · grade C
Site and other (20)
  • Site acres: 1143 acres
    “PROJECT SIZE: The Project is proposed within a 13-parcel area totaling approximately 1,143 acres.”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Site location agency: 38.1217430, -77.5008296 - directly southeast of the I-95 / Mudd Tavern Road (Route 606) intersection, Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties
    “LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE: 38.1217430, -77.5008296”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Name: Amazon Caroline County Campus (Mattameade Tech Campus)
    “The applicant has proposed to construct a data center to be known as Mattameade Data Center”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Developer: Amazon Data Services, Inc.
    “Robb Truedinger, AWS Environmental Director, Amazon Data Services, Inc., 410 Terry Avenue South, Seattle, WA”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Acres: 1143 acres
    “The Project is proposed within a 13-parcel area totaling approximately 1,143 acres”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Parcels: 13 parcels
    “The Project is proposed within a 13-parcel area totaling approximately 1,143 acres”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Buildings: 11 buildings
    “The project would include 11, two-story data center buildings”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Address: Southeast of I-95 and Mudd Tavern Road (Route 606), Woodford, Caroline and Spotsylvania Counties, VA
    “located directly southeast of the intersection of Interstate 95 and Mudd Tavern Road (Route 606) in both Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Coordinates: 38.121743, -77.5008296
    “LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE: 38.1217430, -77.5008296”
    State agency · Feb. 2025 · grade A
  • Acres mtc area: 1074.5 acres
    “an approximately 1074.5 acre parcel located in both Counties and owned by ADS”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Acres spotsylvania: 158.5 acres
    “Approximately 158.5 acres of the parcel lies in Spotsylvania County, and the remaining approximately 916 acres is in Caroline County”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Land control: owned by ADS (MTC Area)
    “an approximately 1074.5 acre parcel located in both Counties and owned by ADS”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Water source: Spotsylvania County municipal system (potable plus Level 1 reclaimed water from the Massaponax WWTP)
    “ADS has designed its data centers to be cooled with recycled water returned to the MTC Area from the Massaponax Wastewater Treatment Plant”
    State agency · Dec. 2024 · grade A
  • Wastewater path: Onsite lift station to Spotsylvania Regional Lift Station, then Thornburg WWTP (Massaponax added about 2029)
    “Cooling water from the site will be discharged via an onsite Discharge Lift Station through a force main to the Spotsylvania County Regional Lift Station”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Acres caroline: 916.07 acres
    “on tax map numbers 26-A-63; 27-A-1; 27-A-2; 27-A-3; 27-A-4 (portion); 27-A-4A; and 27-A-20 collectively consisting of approximately 916.07 acres”
    Local government · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • Project status: under construction - vertical construction under way by Apr 2026 per seven 2026 FAA crane determinations for the campus (2026-AEA-4463-OE; four IAD 458 Crane cases, May 21, 2026; 2026-AEA-9171-OE)
    “seven 2026 FAA crane determinations for the campus (2026-AEA-4463-OE; IAD 458 Crane cases; 2026-AEA-9171-OE) show vertical construction under way by Apr 2026”
    FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Construction evidence FAA: Seven FAA crane determinations on the campus in 2026 - vertical construction under way: 2026-AEA-4463-OE 'IAD 457 Mattameade' (240 ft, submitted April 8, 2026), four 'IAD 458 Crane' cases (250 ft,
    “2026-AEA-4463-OE IAD 457 Mattameade Crane 240 ft 38.12464,-77.51409 Determined - No Hazard”
    FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Former name: Orrock Tech Campus
    “RZ-02-2023 Orrock Tech Campus - DS Real Estate, LLC; Owner; Amazon Data Services, Inc., Applicant”
    Local government · Aug. 2023 · grade B
  • Dominion Energy Virginia reports approximately 70 GW of large-load delivery points in its interconnection queue (about 25 GW assigned projected connection dates through end-2031; a further 45 GW under study) under the qu
    “The utility, which serves most of Virginia, said it has approximately 70GW of large-load delivery points (DP) within its interconnection queue”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Water use stated: 1980 gpm
    “the Mattameade Amazon Data Service complex will receive a maximum of 1,980 gallons per minute after the water reuse system is built”
    News report · Feb. 2026 · grade C