Power and the grid
563 MW energized
- On-site generation None on recordnone disclosed; the nearby Sandow lignite plant retired in 2018 and is not a Bitdeer asset SEC filing · Oct. 2026
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- June 6, 2018Lease reserves 584 MWBitdeer's subsidiary leases land, buildings and part of Alcoa's private power network, with 584 MW of capacity reserved. SEC filing · June 2018
- Oct. 15, 2025Hydro-cooling conversion online (mining)A 100 MW hydro-cooling conversion of mining capacity is fully online for mining. SEC filing · Oct. 2025
- Sept. 18, 2026New large-load rule adoptedTexas adopts a rule for new or expanded grid connections of 75 MW or more, with study fees and security per MW; a 179 MW expansion would fall under it. News report · Oct. 2026
- In May 2022 Bitdeer powered down the whole site during an ERCOT conservation appeal, except capacity enrolled in responsive reserves, so the mining load is flexible. News report · Oct. 2026
Grid upgrades
No grid upgrade for this campus's load is on record. Related grid records in the area:
- Rockdale delivery-yard context: Oncor TPIT 110026 (Tier 1, RPG 25RPG009, projected in-service May 15, 2028) upgrades the Temple Switch - Voss Lake Switch - Sandow Switch 138 kV line (38.9 circuit-miles), and TPIT 110040… Dataset · July 2026
What is next door
Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
Permits checklist
1 granted · 4 checked, nothing on file
The existing mining campus runs on legacy site arrangements. Any AI build-out would need new state permits, which are paused for data centers.
- ✓Legacy Alcoa Title V operating permit and cleanup record GrantedTCEQ · as of Oct. 2026: Alcoa's permits, not Bitdeer's; new emission units would need new-source authorization State agency · Oct. 2026
- –Checked, nothing on file: Air permit in Bitdeer's name, County tax abatement, Grid interconnection for the 179 MW expansion, County zoning
What could slow it down
- MediumAI conversion is unprovenNo tenant, lease, budget or construction start for AI at Rockdale exists; the 563 MW is mining load. Company · Oct. 2026
- MediumLease limits the useThe Alcoa lease restricts use to a blockchain data center, and Bitdeer's rights in the power network revert to Alcoa when the lease ends. Company · April 2026
- MediumTiming claims have run earlyIn 2022 Bitdeer told Congress it would add 572 MW by end-2022; 563 MW was reached only by 2025. News report · Oct. 2026
- WatchNew Texas rules and permit pauseA 179 MW expansion would face the new large-load rule, and new data-center air authorizations are paused. News report · Oct. 2026
1 case on record
- Filed Dec. 4, 2025 In re Bitdeer Technologies Group Securities LitigationU.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. Court filing · Dec. 2025a company-level securities case, not specific to Rockdale
Money on record
Not on record: AI tenant, lease value or conversion budget: no figures for AI at Rockdale through Oct. 18, 2026 Company · Oct. 2026
What happened, and what is due
- June 6, 2018Site Dory Creek (Bitdeer) signs the lease with Alcoa for the site and 584 MW of power delivery SEC filing · June 2018
- May 13, 2022Power Bitdeer shuts down the whole site during an ERCOT conservation appeal News report · Oct. 2026
- June 2025Site Initial seven-year lease term ends; Bitdeer exercises the first renewal, running to about June 2030 Company · April 2026
- Oct. 15, 2025Power 100 MW hydro-cooling conversion fully online (mining) SEC filing · Oct. 2025
- Dec. 8, 2025Permits Milam County grants abatements to neighboring Riot, none to Bitdeer Local government · Dec. 2025
- 2026Power Company estimate for the 179 MW expansion tranche (crypto); not reported energized Company · Oct. 2026
- May 12, 2026Site Bitdeer says it is in active dialogue with potential colocation tenants including Rockdale; its advanced talks are for Norway SEC filing · May 2026
- Aug. 10, 2026Power Company lists 563 MW online at Rockdale: crypto, AI transition in evaluation SEC filing · Aug. 2026
- Sept. 1, 2026Site Bitdeer completes purchase of about 200 acres nearby for about $100M SEC filing · Sept. 2026
- Sept. 18, 2026Permits Texas adopts new rules for grid connections of 75 MW or more News report · Oct. 2026
- Sept. 21, 2026Permits Governor pauses TCEQ data-center environmental permitting pending ERCOT review News report · Oct. 2026
- June 2030Site Current lease term ends; one 5-year option remains Company · April 2026
Specs
- Mining only: the lease limits use to a blockchain data center, offices and a repair facility SEC filing · June 2018
- Dedicated water: supply claimed by the company, not quantified News report · Sept. 2026
Owners, partners and builders
- Bitdeer Technologies Group (Nasdaq: BTDR): parent
- Dory Creek, LLC: Bitdeer subsidiary and tenant of record
- Alcoa USA Corp.: landlord and owner of the private power network
- Riot Platforms' Whinstone Rockdale campus: separate operator on the same former smelter complex; never combined with this site
Open questions
- Any AI or colocation tenant, and the AI load in MW.
- Whether the 179 MW tranche is energized, and whether it is mining or AI.
- The utility serving the load and the rent under the Alcoa lease (redacted).
- Plans for the new 200-acre parcel.
112 records from 25 documents
Drawn from news reports, securities filings, public and commercial datasets, company statements, state agency records, local government records and court filings, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (24)
- Stated campus size: 563 MW“Online Electrical Capacity: 1) Rockdale, TX 563 Online Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud In active evaluation of AI transition”SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Stated campus size: 179 MW“4) Rockdale, TX 179 2026 Crypto / Colocation / AI Cloud In Planning”SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Interconnection status: ERCOT: energized; 563 MW online electrical capacity at Rockdale per Bitdeer's power infrastructure summary (Form 6-K, as of Jul 31, 2026), with a further 179 MW in planning at the same site“Online Electrical Capacity: 1) Rockdale, TX 563 Online Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud In active evaluation of AI transition”SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Construction stage: operating - crypto mining facility online; a 100 MW hydro-cooling conversion was fully energized in 2025; in Sep 2026 Bitdeer acquired the adjacent 200-acre Alcoa parcel for AI/HPC expansion alongside“Rockdale, Texas – 100 MW Hydrocooling conversion has been fully energized”SEC filing · Oct. 2025 · grade A
- Utility: not named in sources checked (ERCOT grid; former Alcoa smelter interconnection)“not named in sources checked (ERCOT grid; former Alcoa smelter site)”grade B
- Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 0.4 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest substation of 345 kV or more: 0.35 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest gas pipeline: 1.11 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Utility service: not stated“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no utility-issued contracted capacity figure for this campus appears in any document opened. Power is delivered over Alcoa's private utility network (PUN) under the 2018 Texas Lease, which reserves 584 MW of PUN delivery capacity for the tenant”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: not stated“DOCUMENTED ABSENCE: no on-site generation is disclosed for this campus in any filing or release opened; the site draws grid power through the Alcoa PUN. The adjacent Sandow lignite plant (Luminant/Vistra) retired in 2018 and is not a Bitdeer asset.”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power plan: grid - ERCOT, delivered over the legacy Alcoa private utility network (PUN)“a certain portion of Landlord's existing electric power delivery network (the Private User Network or PUN)”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- interconnection: in service (legacy)“for a total of 584 megawatts shall be reserved for Tenant's use of the Landlord's PUN Equipment pursuant to the provisions of this Lease”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Portfolio context only (never booked to this campus): Bitdeer's global online electrical capacity subtotal was 1,752 MW and total portfolio capacity about 3.0 GW in the Aug 2026 disclosures. Rockdale's 563 MW is the larg“Online Electrical Subtotal: 1,752”SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Stated campus size: 563 MW“Rockdale, TX 563 Online”SEC filing · July 2026 · grade B
- Moved from campus facts field 'expansion tranche': 179 MW in planning (not energized, not under construction) MW. Pipeline capacity in the issuer's 6-K infrastructure summaries from Jul 2025 through Jan 2026; reframed Se“Rockdale, Texas 179 In planning Crypto Estimate 2026”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Construction stage: Operating (crypto mining); 100 MW hydro-cooling conversion completed and fully energized in 2025“Rockdale, Texas - 100 MW Hydrocooling conversion has been fully energized”Company · Oct. 2025 · grade B
- IT capacity: not stated“Colocation AI Data Center: Bitdeer recently acquired 200 acres near existing 563 MW Rockdale facility to support AI/HPC infrastructure development”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Original target date: not stated“According to Bitdeer's response to a Congressional inquiry in July 2022, the site plans to add an additional 572 MW to the facility by the end of 2022”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- During an ERCOT conservation appeal in May 2022, Bitdeer powered down the entirety of its Rockdale datacenter except capacity enrolled in responsive reserves (Bitdeer business-development lead Samantha Robertson, via Tex“Bitdeer powered down the entirety our datacenter in Rockdale on Friday, except for capacity enrolled in responsive reserves”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Bitdeer's July 2022 response to a Congressional inquiry contemplated adding 572 MW at Rockdale by end-2022 (per GEM). Actual online capacity reached 563 MW only by 2025 - sponsor plan figures for this site ran years ahea“According to Bitdeer's response to a Congressional inquiry in July 2022, the site plans to add an additional 572 MW to the facility by the end of 2022”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site acres: 255 acres“Bitdeer owns and/or operates approximately 255 acres and 742 MW of existing and pipeline power capacity in Milam County”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Acreage: approximately 255 acres owned and/or operated in Milam County (after Sep 2026 acquisition)“Following this transaction, Bitdeer owns and/or operates approximately 255 acres and 742 MW of existing and pipeline power capacity in Milam County”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Water supply: Dedicated water supply (company statement, unquantified)“currently feature approximately 563 MW of interconnected grid capacity with existing plans expected to scale to 742 MW, and a dedicated water supply”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Rockdale delivery-yard context: Oncor TPIT 110026 (Tier 1, RPG 25RPG009, projected in-service May 15, 2028) upgrades the Temple Switch - Voss Lake Switch - Sandow Switch 138 kV line (38.9 circuit-miles), and TPIT 110040 (T“Upgrade Temple Switch - Voss Lake Switch - Sandow Switch 138 kV Line.”Dataset · July 2026 · grade C
Money and contracts (36)
- Land acquisition: Bitdeer completed the fee-simple acquisition of approximately 200 acres of greenfield land in Milam County, near its existing Rockdale facility, for approximately $100 million in cash (announced Sep 1,“Bitdeer has completed the fee simple acquisition of approximately 200 acres of greenfield property in Milam County, Texas for total consideration of approximately $100 million”SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
- Fee-simple acquisition of ~200 acres near the Rockdale facility for ~$100M cash, removing lease-renewal risk and giving Bitdeer full site control for AI/HPC development at Rockdale“Bitdeer has completed the fee simple acquisition of approximately 200 acres of greenfield property in Milam County, Texas for total consideration of approximately $100 million”SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
- Bitdeer reports its Rockdale site in active evaluation of an AI transition, with colocation-tenant dialogue covering Rockdale (the advanced-stage negotiation it reports is for Tydal, Norway, not Rockdale); no Rockdale te“Bitdeer is in advanced stages of negotiations with a potential colocation tenant for Tydal, Norway and remains in active dialogue in Ohio, Rockdale, Texas and various other sites”SEC filing · May 2026 · grade A
- tax abatement: finding no agreement“FINDING: No Chapter 312 agreement or other county incentive naming Bitdeer or Dory Creek, LLC exists in the records opened; the Commissioners Court's only Rockdale data-center abatement actions (Dec 8, 2025) name Riot Rockdale, LLC and Milam County DC, LLC”Local government · Dec. 2025 · grade A
- Tenant status: none - self-mining plus third-party hosting on Bitdeer’s own account; no AI or colocation tenant named“none (self-mining plus third-party hosting on Bitdeer’s own account; no AI or colocation tenant named)”grade B
- Name: Bitdeer Rockdale (Bitdeer Rockdale Data Center)“Lease Agreement for the Datacenter in Rockdale, Texas”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Developer: Bitdeer Technologies Group (NASDAQ: BTDR), via subsidiary Dory Creek, LLC“In June 2018, Dory Creek, LLC, our subsidiary, entered into the Lease Agreement with Alcoa USA Corp.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Tenant status: No AI/colocation tenant; Rockdale carried as Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud - in active evaluation of AI transition“Rockdale, TX 563 Online Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud In active evaluation of AI transition”Company · May 2026 · grade B
- Land control: Operating campus on land leased from Alcoa USA Corp. (Texas Lease Agreement, Jun 2018; first 5-year extension exercised, running to about Jun 2030); adjacent ~200-acre parcel acquired fee simple in Sep 2026“We exercised the first of two automatic renewal options to extend the term of this lease for two successive periods of five years”Company · April 2026 · grade B
- lease: power circuit conveyance“Alcoa sells and conveys to us a 100% ownership interest in a certain PUN power circuit and the associated downstream components, subject to certain power delivery restrictions”Company · April 2026 · grade B
- lease: extension exercised“We exercised the first of two automatic renewal options to extend the term of this lease for two successive periods of five years”Company · April 2026 · grade B
- lease: rent escalation extension“on each January 1 during the Extension Term, the annual fixed rent shall increase by the greater of 2.5% or the percentage of the change in the CPI, not to exceed 5%”Company · April 2026 · grade B
- lease: termination pun reversion“Upon termination of the Texas Lease Agreement, our interest and ownership in the PUN will revert to Alcoa”Company · April 2026 · grade B
- Tenants: None named (self-mining; third-party hosting customers are not named in issuer filings)“Hosted 82,000”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- lease: scope“Landlord hereby leases to Tenant the real property and personal property (the Land), certain existing buildings and improvements located on the Land and a certain portion of Landlord's existing electric power delivery network (the Private User Network or PUN)”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: capacity reservation 584 MW“for a total of 584 megawatts shall be reserved for Tenant's use of the Landlord's PUN Equipment pursuant to the provisions of this Lease”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: term 7 years“the initial term of this Lease shall commence on the Commencement Date and shall end on the last day of the month in which occurs the day preceding the expiration of seven (7) years after the Commencement Date”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: extension option 2 x 5 years“to extend the term of this Lease for two (2) successive periods of five (5) years each following the Initial Term”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: extension condition“Tenant, if it elects to exercise its option to renew, shall do so by written notice delivered to Landlord at least nine (9) months prior to the date or expiration of the then current term”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: use restriction“Premises shall be used for the following, but for no other purpose: operation of a blockchain data processing software and hardware center (Data Center), office use related to the Data Center, and a technology repair facility”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: condition excavation restriction“Tenant shall not construct, drill, core, excavate, or disturb the subsurface of the Premises, including without limitation any buildings within the Premises, without the prior written consent of Landlord”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: condition permits“This Lease is contingent on Tenant obtaining, at its own cost and expense, all permits, licenses and consents necessary for its Use of the Premises”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: taxes“Tenant shall, as additional rent, pay and discharge punctually when billed 100 percent (Tenant's Share), of all taxes, assessments, payments in lieu of tax which shall be charged, levied, laid, assessed, imposed upon the Premises”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: security letter of credit“Tenant shall provide to Landlord a clean, irrevocable stand-by letter of credit as security for the performance of the obligations of Tenant hereunder”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination casualty landlord“if the Buildings shall be so damaged or destroyed by fire or other cause as to require a reasonably estimated expenditure of more than 50% of the full insurable value of the Buildings, then Landlord may terminate this Lease”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination casualty tenant“Tenant may terminate this Lease by notice to Landlord, if there are two (2) years or less remaining on Tenant's Initial Term at the time of the damage or destruction”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination condemnation“In the event that the whole of the Premises shall be lawfully condemned or otherwise taken in any manner for any public use, this Lease and the Term and estate hereby granted shall forthwith cease and terminate”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination bankruptcy“whenever a permanent receiver of Tenant of or for the property of Tenant shall be appointed, then, Landlord may give Tenant a notice of intention to end the Term of this Lease at the expiration of thirty (30) days”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination default“whenever Tenant shall default in the payment of any installment of Fixed Rent for more than ten (10) days after the first day upon which the respective item of Fixed Rent is due”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: termination default notice“Landlord may give to Tenant a notice of intention to end the Term of this Lease at the expiration of three (3) business days from the date of the service of such notice of intention”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: holdover“if possession of the Premises is not surrendered to Landlord within two (2) days after the date of the expiration or sooner termination of the Term Tenant will pay Landlord as liquidated damages a sum equal to 1.5 times”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- lease: finding“FINDING: No termination-for-convenience or early-exit right for either party appears in the filed lease; exits are event-driven (casualty, condemnation, default, insolvency). Rent amounts and the components of the 584 MW reservation are redacted in the filed exhibit”SEC filing · June 2018 · grade B
- Bitdeer's executed 16-year AI/HPC colocation lease with Volta (121 IT MW, about $4.7B base contract value, up to about $8.0B with the 8-year extension) is at the TYDAL, NORWAY campus - not Rockdale“Bitdeer announced a 16-Year AI/HPC Data Center Lease for its Tydal, Norway Campus, representing approximately $4.7 billion of total contract value over the initial base term”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- land purchase: purchase 100000000 USD“Bitdeer has completed the fee simple acquisition of approximately 200 acres of greenfield property in Milam County, Texas for total consideration of approximately $100 million, paid in cash”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- land purchase: purpose“The newly acquired parcel is near Bitdeer's existing Rockdale facility and is expected to support the Company's strategy to develop AI/HPC infrastructure alongside its existing operations”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Announced: Aug. 2018“In August 2018, Bitmain first announced that it would be investing about $500 million into the development of a new mining facility in Rockdale”News report · Oct. 2019 · grade C
Permits and government (9)
- air quality title v: issued (legacy - Alcoa smelter operations)“A FEDERAL OPERATING PERMIT IS HEREBY ISSUED TO Alcoa, Inc. AUTHORIZING THE OPERATION OF Rockdale Operations, Energy Primary Aluminum LOCATED AT Milam County, Texas Regulated Entity Number: RN100221472”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Authority check: the campus sits in unincorporated Milam County - no county zoning exists, and the county's only data-center instrument (Chapter 312 abatement) has never been used for Bitdeer. Land-use control runs throu“designation of certain property in unincorporated Milam County as a Reinvestment Zone”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- reinvestment zone guard: designated Dec. 8, 2025 - NOT this campus“Conduct a public hearing on the matter of the proposed designation of certain property in unincorporated Milam County as a Reinvestment Zone under Subchapter C, Chapter 312”Local government · Dec. 2025 · grade A
- Milam County Commissioners Court: Agenda searched for Bitdeer / Dory Creek, LLC business: NONE. Item 8: First Addendum to the Tax Abatement Agreement with Milam County DC, LLC. Items 9-12: public hearings and action on d“approval of a Tax Abatement Agreement between Milam County, Texas and Riot Rockdale, LLC”Local government · Dec. 2025 · grade A
- Site registry TCEQ: The former Alcoa Rockdale smelter site carries legacy TCEQ records under Alcoa (Regulated Entity RN100221472); no TCEQ record in Bitdeer's own name was found in the Permit Search Portal - the keyword“PSP keyword 'Bitdeer' returned 22 records, all fuzzy name matches (Bittner Trucking, Bitler batteries and others)”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Current target date: not stated“Rockdale, Texas 179 In planning Crypto Estimate 2026”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- air quality search: search - no Bitdeer record located“A FEDERAL OPERATING PERMIT IS HEREBY ISSUED TO Alcoa, Inc. AUTHORIZING THE OPERATION OF Rockdale Operations, Energy / Primary Aluminum, LOCATED AT Milam County, Texas.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- PUCT adopted 16 TAC 25.194 (Project 58481; adopted Sep 18, 2026, effective Oct 8, 2026) under SB 6: new or expanded ERCOT interconnections of 75 MW or more face a $100,000 study fee, $50,000 per MW in security and milest“The rule applies to a large load customer that has not energized by the effective date and seeks a new interconnection of 75 MW or more at a single site”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- The Governor's Sep 21, 2026 directive paused TCEQ data-center environmental permitting pending ERCOT's Batch Zero review (ERCOT eligibility and community-impact reports due Dec 10, 2026; TCEQ compliance update due Oct 19“The directive changes TCEQ's current administrative posture, but does not amend statutes and rules governing individual TCEQ programs”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
Site and other (5)
- County: Milam County, TX (unincorporated; FIPS 48331)“designation of certain property in unincorporated Milam County as a Reinvestment Zone under Subchapter C, Chapter 312”Local government · Dec. 2025 · grade A
- Stage: operating“Rockdale, TX 563 Online Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud In active evaluation of AI transition”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Bitdeer's 6-K infrastructure summaries (Feb, May and Aug 2026) carry Rockdale's planned usage as 'Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud' with the construction update 'In active evaluation of AI transition.' No tenant, lease, c“Rockdale, TX 563 Online Crypto to Colocation / AI Cloud In active evaluation of AI transition”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Address: 4069 Charles Martin Hall Rd, Rockdale, TX 76567“Location: 4069 Charles Martin Hall Rd, Rockdale, TX 76567”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site history: Former Alcoa Rockdale aluminum smelter (curtailed 2008, closed 2017); Bitdeer datacenter on the site under lease since Jun 2018“The Alcoa smelter facility curtailed operations in 2008 and fully closed the site in 2017”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C