The site
A construction core by Highway 18, away from the permitted plant site
The active construction core on Oct. 11, 2026, seen at coarse 10-meter resolution: a large graded hall complex east of Highway 18 and a power yard west of it. The spot named in the gas plant's air permit, about 1.2 miles southwest, is still untouched rangeland. The newest sharp picture of the ranch dates from March 18, 2025, before any work, so the build so far has been seen only by coarser satellites. No substation has been found on the site.
12- 1Data hall construction core
east of Highway 18; the complex runs past the edge of this map - 2Power yard
west of Highway 18: graded pads and about 10 round objects - 3Permitted gas plant site
about 1.2 miles southwest, off this map; still untouched rangeland
From orbit
Rangeland to a building site in under four months
As late as June 23, 2026 this was rangeland east of Highway 18. By Oct. 11, 2026 a large graded complex had spread across it, with big rectangular structures or pads, internal roads and work yards, and it runs past the edges of this view. At this coarse resolution, finished roofs cannot be told apart from bare pads.
Ground map drawn from the lower-resolution image: vegetation, nothing builtbare or graded groundroofsgravel and padsequipment, asphalt or waterEdges are accurate to about 10 m.
- Ground work began between June 23 and July 28, 2026
- 3 large buildings or pads under construction (±2)
- 1 graded work yard and apron (±1)
- Finished roofs: not visible, since roofed and unroofed look alike at this resolution
From orbit
A power yard of pads and about ten round objects
West of the highway, open rangeland as late as June 23, 2026 held a new road grid and graded pads by Oct. 11, one of them carrying about ten dark round objects 10 to 20 meters across. They could be tanks, pads or foundations; no turbine can be made out at this resolution.
Ground map drawn from the lower-resolution image: vegetation, nothing builtbare or graded groundroofsgravel and padsequipment, asphalt or waterEdges are accurate to about 10 m.
- About 10 dark round objects (±3) on one pad; what they are is not visible
- 0 roofed structures: graded pads and a new road grid only
- No built substation found anywhere on the site yet
Quarter by quarter
Rangeland to a graded complex in one summer
Ground first broke in summer 2026: the July 8, 2026 frame shows new haul roads and the first graded pads. By Oct. 1, 2026 one large graded complex straddles Highway 18, with hall pads east of it and power-yard pads west of it, no closed roof yet, and the permitted plant site still untouched.
Sentinel-2 satellite, 10 m resolution (coarser than the photos above).
Construction from orbit
What the satellites see on the ground
From orbit, bright graded ground shows only in the latest images (Oct. 2026), and radar shows no structures rising yet. No new roof shows by Oct. 2026. That fits our stage: site work.
Construction from orbit, as a share of the site: bare ground (left scale); roof and very bright radar echoes (right scale)
How this works: Sentinel-2 photographs the ground every few days at 10 m. For each month we keep the cloud-free views over a 1.5 km square around the site point (no outline is mapped) (about 560 acres) and count the share that reads as bare ground and the share that reads as roof (very bright, not vegetated). Sentinel-1 radar sees through cloud every 6–12 days; walls and steel bounce the signal straight back, so the share of very bright radar echoes rises as buildings go up. Bright gravel pads and fresh concrete can read as roof, and wet or snowy months dip, so we read the trend, not single months. Black ticks mark our stage dates. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, via the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem.
Power
Power and the grid
None energized or contracted yet · 7,650 MW permitted
Gas turbines (35 units, simple cycle)Permitted, not built
air-permit ceiling; about 5,000 MW nominal. 21 Siemens SGT-800 units at 62.5 MW plus 14 large-frame units whose maker the Aug. 2025 application left open State agency · Jan. 2026
Battery storagePlanned
920 MWh in the air-permit application; the developer cites 1.8 GW State agency · Aug. 2025
PermittedProposed
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- Aug. 4, 2025Designed to run islandedThe air-permit application says the plant will neither buy power from nor sell power to the grid. State agency · Aug. 2025
- Jan. 21, 20267,650 MW gas permit issuedTexas issues the air, deterioration-prevention and greenhouse-gas permits; construction must begin by July 21, 2027. State agency · Jan. 2026
- Jan. 26, 2026Developer says turbines are securedPacifico says turbines are secured and first power comes in the first half of 2027; no turbine delivery has been reported. Company · Jan. 2026
- Aug. 7, 2026Amazon to buy the plant's outputAmazon confirms it will buy power from Pacifico's plant; term, price and volume are not public (press). News report · Aug. 2026
- Not setGas supply: not signedPacifico plans a 15-mile lateral to the Waha hub carrying 1 Bcf a day; no pipeline permit or gas contract was found. see Permits
- Not setGrid connection: none soughtNo ERCOT interconnection or large-load request was found; Amazon says the campus is designed to move to grid service later. see Permits
- Three numbers, three meanings: 7,650 MW is the permit ceiling, about 5,000 MW is the nominal plant in the application, and 5 GW is the deliverable power Pacifico markets. Company · Aug. 2025
- Texas paused new data-center grid hookups on Aug. 3, 2026. That does not touch the islanded plant, but it could slow any later move to the grid (press). News report · Aug. 2026
- The permitted greenhouse-gas ceiling, about 33 million tons a year, would be the largest of any single US source. A ceiling is not a forecast. State agency · March 2026
- No plant for this campus appears in EIA's federal generator inventory (EIA-860M, Aug. 2026). That inventory covers grid-connected plants only, so an off-grid plant may not be listed yet. State agency · Oct. 2026
Grid upgrades
No grid upgrade for this campus's load is on record. Related grid records in the area:
- Pecos County pocket context: TPIT 93226 expands the Fort Stockton Switch 345 kV station (three 345/138 kV autotransformers, AEP TNC, Planning Charter Tier 1, projected in-service April 30, 2029). Fort Stockton Switch is the… Dataset · July 2026
What is next door
The plant is islanded, so none of these lines serves it. No gas pipeline is mapped within 30 km. Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
Is it running?
Evidence from space
NO2 over the site, net of the rural background, was lower in July–September 2026 (5 µmol/m²) than a year earlier (6), a 22% drop that is within normal swings at this level; the rural background rose 11% (13 to 15). The satellite sees no new combustion large enough to stand out here. On record here: Gas turbines (35 units, simple cycle), 7,650 MW, permitted. No rise fits a plant that is not running yet, or runs little; it does not prove either. This campus has no plant running yet; it is here as a check that the method does not invent rises.
NO2 over the campus and over open country (µmol/m²)
What else could explain it
- Cities, highways, oil and gas fields and power plants in or near the box also emit NO2. Comparing the same months a year apart removes steady sources; a new source nearby would not cancel.
- Weather moves NO2 from day to day (wind, sunlight, cloud), and it builds up in winter. Subtracting the background box and comparing the same season a year apart removes most of that.
How this works: the Sentinel-5P satellite measures NO2 in the air over every point on Earth once a day, around 1:30 p.m. local time, in pixels about 5.5 by 3.5 km. NO2 comes from burning fuel (turbines, engines, traffic, power plants), so a rise over a site that open country does not share points to new combustion there. It shows combustion activity, not megawatts. The site box is about 15 km across; the background box is open country about 69 km away. We use only high-quality readings and drop days or weeks when cloud hides more than half of either box. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-5P (ESA), processed with the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Sentinel Hub statistics service.
Permits
Permits checklist
1 pending · 3 granted · 4 checked, nothing on file
The power plant carries the big approvals. In unincorporated Pecos County there is no county zoning or building permit step.
- ◷Building registrations for three data halls PendingTexas Department of Licensing and Regulation · Aug. 2026: filed by Amazon; review status not on record (press) News report · Oct. 2026
- ✓Air permit for the gas plant GrantedTexas Commission on Environmental Quality · Jan. 21, 2026: 7,650 MW ceiling; expires Jan. 21, 2036; void if construction has not begun by July 21, 2027 State agency · Jan. 2026
- ✓Prevention of significant deterioration permit GrantedTexas Commission on Environmental Quality · Jan. 21, 2026: emission controls on every turbine; to be updated once the large turbine model is chosen State agency · Jan. 2026
- ✓Greenhouse-gas permit GrantedTexas Commission on Environmental Quality · Jan. 21, 2026: ceiling of about 33 million tons CO2e a year; must be in hand before construction State agency · Jan. 2026
- –Checked, nothing on file: Gas pipeline permit for the Waha lateral, Groundwater well permits, Grid interconnection, County zoning and building permits
Risks
What could slow it down
- HighTurbines not shownPacifico says turbines are secured, but its own application left the large-turbine maker open and no deliveries have been reported. Company · Jan. 2026
- HighGas supply unsignedThe Waha lateral is a plan: no pipeline permit and no gas supply or transport contract has been found. see Permits
- MediumPermit clockThe air permits lapse if construction has not begun by July 21, 2027; extensions are available. State agency · Jan. 2026
- MediumEmissions scrutinyThree senators are pressing Pacifico on emissions, and the permitted greenhouse-gas ceiling would be the largest in the US. State agency · March 2026
- WatchGrid pauseTexas's Aug. 2026 pause on new data-center grid hookups could slow any later move to the grid (press). News report · Aug. 2026
Money
Money on record
~$12B
developer's estimate of the investment needed
Feb. 2026 comments reported by ENR (press) News report · Aug. 2026
~$300M each
estimated cost of Amazon's three buildings
from state registrations, as reported by ENR (press) News report · Aug. 2026
Not on record: price Amazon paid for the site: not disclosed, no deed or closing date found News report · Oct. 2026; terms of Amazon's power purchase: not disclosed, term, price and volume are not public News report · Aug. 2026; county or state tax abatement: Pacifico markets possible abatement and tax-credit upside Company · Oct. 2026; project financing: none disclosed, neither company named a cost or lender (press) News report · Aug. 2026
Timeline
What happened, and what is due
SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
- Sept. 2024Paper trail Pacifico GW LLC registered in Delaware and Texas
- Aug. 4, 2025Permits Pacifico files for air permits for a 35-turbine, roughly 5,000 MW islanded gas plant State agency · Aug. 2025
- Aug. 20, 2025Site Pacifico announces GW Ranch: 5 GW of off-grid power, 1 GW by 2028 and 5 GW by 2030; the county judge backs it Company · Aug. 2025
- Jan. 21, 2026Permits Texas issues air permits for up to 7,650 MW of gas generation State agency · Jan. 2026
- Jan. 26, 2026Power Pacifico says turbines are secured and moves first power up to the first half of 2027 (developer says) Company · Jan. 2026
- March 13, 2026Site Three U.S. senators send Pacifico questions on emissions, carbon capture, gas supply and its data-center partners State agency · March 2026
- July 24, 2026Construction Satellite imagery shows land clearing under way (press) News report · Aug. 2026
- Aug. 7, 2026Money Amazon confirms it bought the site and will buy power from the plant News report · Aug. 2026
- Aug. 2026Construction Amazon files three 189,000 sq ft data-center buildings with the state (press) News report · Aug. 2026
- Oct. 14, 2026Construction Amazon posts data-center commissioning and controls jobs in Coyanosa, Pecos County Company · Oct. 2026
- Dec. 2026Construction Amazon's three buildings due for completion (press) News report · Aug. 2026
- 2027Power Developer's target for first power: Q1 2027 on its website, first half of 2027 in January Company · Oct. 2026
- July 21, 2027Permits Air permits void if power-plant construction has not begun State agency · Jan. 2026
Construction activity
Building activity by quarter
Since Feb. 2022: 1 FAA filing (Oct. 2026): a 300 ft crane; 75 satellite captures.
FAA filings
Satellite
’22
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 6. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings
Specs
8,400 acres
site in the permit application; about 1,500 acres to be built on
35 turbines
21 Siemens SGT-800 plus 14 large-frame units, maker open in the application
33M tons
CO2e a year, the permitted greenhouse-gas ceiling (Senate summary)
- Brackish groundwater: non-drinking water; Amazon says the first phase needs no water for plant cooling (press) News report · Aug. 2026
- Gensler: architect for Amazon's three buildings (press) News report · Aug. 2026
Who is involved
Owners, partners and builders
Owners
- Amazon: bought the site in Aug. 2026 and is building the data centers
- Pacifico Energy (Pacifico GW LLC): keeps, builds and will run the power plant, selling its output to Amazon
- Pacifico Group: parent investment firm of Pacifico Energy (press)
Decision-makers
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality: issued the air permits
- Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District: well permits
- Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation: building registrations
- Pecos County Judge Joe Shuster: endorsed the project; no county vote found
Power partners
- Siemens Energy: 21 SGT-800 turbines named in the permit application
- Wärtsilä: two 18.8 MW gas engines named in the application
- Large-frame turbine maker: not chosen in the application (Doosan, GE, Mitsubishi or Siemens models)
Builders and advisers
- Gensler: architect for the three buildings (press)
- TRC Environmental: prepared the air-permit application
Oversight
- Senators Whitehouse, Heinrich and Van Hollen: oversight letter, March 2026
- Pacifico CEO Nate Franklin and VP Constantyn Gieskes: letter recipients
Still unknown
Open questions
- Turbine orders and delivery dates.
- Gas supply contract and pipeline permit.
- Terms of Amazon's power purchase.
- IT capacity in MW.
Where this comes from
321 records from 27 documents
Drawn from news reports, company statements, state agency records, business registries, public and commercial datasets, satellite captures, our own analysis and local government records, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
News report 9Company 9State agency 5Dataset 4Satellite 1Analysis 1Local government 1
Evidence
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (34)
- Senate EPW and ENR ranking members (Whitehouse, Heinrich, Van Hollen) send Pacifico an oversight letter with seven interrogatories on GW Ranch emissions, carbon capture, gas sourcing and undisclosed data-center partners;“I write to request information about Pacifico Energy Group's plans to power a campus of hyperscale data centers in Pecos County, TX”State agency · March 2026 · grade A
- Interconnection status: none - off-grid private grid by design: built without a connection to the larger electricity grid, with no ERCOT interconnection request, study or agreement and no PUCT position public. Amazon sta“GW Ranch is being built without a connection to the larger electricity grid to enable direct customer control over schedule, energy supply, cost stability, and scalability.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Nearest substation: 10.89 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest transmission line: 4.48 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest gas pipeline: none mapped within 30 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Permitted GHG ceiling (~33M tpy CO2e) would make GW Ranch the largest permitted single source in the US, roughly double the actual 2023 emissions of Plant Miller, the largest current emitter (~16.6M tons). Permitted cei“The GW Ranch Project would also be the country's largest air polluter”State agency · March 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 750 MW“Total Gross Capacity: 7.65 GW (Gas) + 1.8 GW (Battery Energy Storage) + 750 MWac (Solar)”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Current target date: H1 2027 (first power); 2028 (first phase online); 2031 (full buildout)“GW Ranch will provide customers with power in the first half of 2027 with a guaranteed pathway to scale to over 5 GW”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Gas supply: 15-mile, 1 Bcf/d pipeline lateral to Waha hub; multiple laterals (company claim)“Gas Supply: Multiple laterals, including a 15-mile 1 BCF/d direct pipeline to Waha for unmatched gas supply optionality”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Pacifico states turbines secured and first power H1 2027. Treat as unverified: the Aug 2025 permit application states the large-frame turbine OEM had NOT been selected (envelope permitting), and no turbine delivery at th“With all site delineations complete, permits in-hand, and turbines secured, GW Ranch will provide customers with power in the first half of 2027”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Portfolio figures are NOT campus facts: Pacifico markets 8,000 MW of US private-grid projects in development and a 10 GW global pipeline; its other Texas project, the 456 MW Ft. Spunky campus near Dallas (subject of sepa“In the U.S., Pacifico is developing 8,000 MW of private grid projects supporting AI-Infrastructure or datacenter needs”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- First announced: Aug. 20, 2025“Pacifico Energy today announced plans for the GW Ranch project, an off-grid power generation campus that has been in development since early 2024”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Pacifico Energy publicly unveils GW Ranch: 5 GW off-grid private-grid campus in Pecos County, in development since early 2024, TCEQ permitting initiated, county officials supportive. Original schedule: 1 GW online 2028,“Pacifico Energy today announced plans for the GW Ranch project, an off-grid power generation campus that has been in development since early 2024”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Stated campus size: 5,000 MW“GW Ranch's unique approach will provide 5 gigawatts (GW) of dedicated, highly reliable power by combining high-efficiency natural gas turbines and advanced battery storage”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Name: GW Ranch“The new power plant (the Project) will operate under the name GW Ranch Energy Center (GW Ranch)”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- IT capacity: not stated“The Project's nominal generation capacity will be approximately 5,000 MW”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Generating units on the permit: 35 natural gas turbines (mix of small and large-scale) under TCEQ Permit 181033 / PSDTX1672 / GHGPSDTX255, 7,650 MW total permitted gas capacity“Permits show that the gas plant would comprise 35 turbines, generating up to 7.65GW of power capacity.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Pacifico met Brewster County officials about a similar data-center and power-plant project on a ~8,400-acre ranch northwest of Alpine (Texas Public Radio reporting), a separate, earlier-stage proposal, not an expansion“Pacifico Energy, the company developing a massive natural gas power plant and AI data center for retail giant Amazon in Pecos County, met with officials in neighboring Brewster County on Tuesday”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Likewise Pacifico's Sep 2026 Brewster County (Glass Mountains) pitch is a separate proposed site“The GW Ranch campus is located about 30 miles from an off-grid data center complex being developed by Chevron and Microsoft”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Planned first power: Q1 2027 - press reporting (Aug 2026) of the project target; land clearing was under way in late Jul 2026 and no generation equipment was installed as of Oct 20, 2026“The campus, Amazon's first off-grid AI data center, is designed to skip clogged grid interconnection queues and targets first power by Q1 2027”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Owner current: Amazon (site owner)“We reached out to Amazon and the company confirmed it had acquired the GW Ranch site and plans to buy power from the plant”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Water use stated: Non-potable brackish groundwater; initial phase requires no water for power-generation cooling (Amazon)“we'll use water that isn't suitable for drinking or irrigation, custom cooling technology that minimizes water use wherever possible”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Amazon confirms it acquired the GW Ranch site from Pacifico and will buy power from the plant, its first major off-grid data-center investment. Pacifico remains plant developer/operator. PPA terms (tenor, price, volume)“We reached out to Amazon and the company confirmed it had acquired the GW Ranch site and plans to buy power from the plant”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Site owner current: Amazon acquired the GW Ranch site from Pacifico Energy in 2026 and is building the data centers“the company acquired the GW Ranch site in Pecos, Texas, from Pacifico Energy, where it intends to construct a behind-the-meter powered data center”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Pecos County pocket context: TPIT 93226 expands the Fort Stockton Switch 345 kV station (three 345/138 kV autotransformers, AEP TNC, Planning Charter Tier 1, projected in-service April 30, 2029); Fort Stockton Switch is the“Fort Stockton Switch: Expand 345 kV Station. Install three 345/138 kV autotransformers at the Fort Stockton Switch 345/138 kV station.”Dataset · July 2026 · grade C
- On-site generation: 7,650 MW“The site's developer Pacifico, obtained a 7.65GW air permit from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.”News report · Jan. 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 5,000 MW“GW Ranch's unique approach will provide 5 gigawatts (GW) of dedicated, highly reliable power”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Developed acres: 1500 acres“The Project involves the development of approximately 1,500 acres devoted to the power generation facilities and data center campus”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- On-site generation: 5,000 MW“The Project's nominal generation capacity will be approximately 5,000 MW”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Turbine fleet: 35 combustion turbines: 14 large-frame (OEM unselected; envelope Doosan DGT6-300H S2, GE 7HA.03, Mitsubishi M501JAC, Siemens SGT6-9000HL) + 21 Siemens SGT-800 at 62.5 MW“The Project will consist of the installation of 35 combustion turbines and ancillary equipment”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- On-site generation: 1,840 MW“The Project will utilize an approximately 1,840 MW (920 MWh) battery energy storage system (BESS) to support the variable nature of the data center load”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Utility service: not stated“the Project will not be capable of selling electricity to or purchasing it from the local utility power grid”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Power plan: off-grid private grid (behind-the-meter, islanded)“The Project will be constructed as fully independent, operating in islanding mode”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Utility: none (off-grid; ERCOT region, not interconnected)“the Project will not be capable of selling electricity to or purchasing it from the local utility power grid”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
Money and contracts (16)
- Incentives: none located“Robust permits & local support de-risk execution; ITC & tax-abatement upside”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- tax abatement chapter312: absence finding“Robust permits & local support de-risk execution; ITC & tax-abatement upside”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- gas supply: absence finding“Gas Supply: Multiple laterals, including a 15-mile 1 BCF/d direct pipeline to Waha for unmatched gas supply optionality”Company · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- site acquisition: consideration missing finding“Amazon has acquired an 8,000-acre plot of land in Texas, where it plans to develop a data center”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stated capital cost: 12000000000 USD“the developer estimated its needed investment at about $12 billion, in comments in February to Forbes”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Square feet: 567000 sq ft“Amazon filed building permits for three 189,000-sq-ft data center buildings to be located on the 8,000-acre remote Pecos County campus”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Financing: not disclosed“Neither Amazon nor Pacifico disclosed any project cost”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- power purchase agreement: terms missing finding“Public information available does not reveal full details of Amazon's power purchase agreement with Pacifico Energy, including contract length, pricing or exact electricity volumes”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Amazon files three TDLR TABS building registrations (189,000 sq ft each, Gensler architect, ~$300M each per ENR, completion scheduled December 2026), the paper trail that surfaced Amazon's role“Amazon filed building permits for three 189,000-sq-ft data center buildings to be located on the 8,000-acre remote Pecos County campus”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Tenants: Amazon“Amazon has acquired an 8,000-acre plot of land in Texas, where it plans to develop a data center”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Tenant status: confirmed“We reached out to Amazon and the company confirmed it had acquired the GW Ranch site and plans to buy power from the plant”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- power purchase agreement: scope“We reached out to Amazon and the company confirmed it had acquired the GW Ranch site and plans to buy power from the plant”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- site acquisition: scope“the company acquired the GW Ranch site in Pecos, Texas, from Pacifico Energy”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Land clearing under way at the site in Airbus satellite imagery dated Jul 24, 2026 (Cleanview). First physical construction evidence located; no turbine deliveries or plant construction reported“Land clearing begins at GW Ranch. Captured July 24, 2026. (Airbus DS 2026)”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- hosting / colocation: scope not named end customer (Anthropic tie)“Our new planned data center campus in Pecos County does just that: it's powered by new on-site generation that won't raise electricity costs for Texas families”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- permit condition: construction deadline“This permit will be automatically void upon the occurrence of any of the following, as indicated in 30 TAC 116.120(a): 1. Failure to begin construction within 18 months of the date of issuance”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade C
Permits and government (24)
- U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (oversight correspondence): Letter to Pacifico CEO Nate Franklin and VP Constantyn Gieskes with seven interrogatories on“To help us better understand your decision-making process and plans related to the GW Ranch Project, please provide responses to the following interrogatories and document requests by March 27, 2026”State agency · March 2026 · grade A
- Air quality permit public notice: notice of application and preliminary decision published“application 2025-08-04 (P001 hand-work); final 2026-01 (P001 hand-work)”grade B
- FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Studying“ASN 2026-ASW-16783-OE: MDD150 Crane Working Area, Mobile Crane, 300 ft AGL, 2844 ft AMSL, 31.18078,-102.86772, Studying, submitted 2026-10-13”FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- FAA OE/AAA filing for a 300-ft mobile crane working area (submitted Oct. 13, 2026, status Studying) inside the 8,000-acre GW Ranch site evidences crane work at the campus in Oct 2026.“ASN 2026-ASW-16783-OE: MDD150 Crane Working Area, Mobile Crane, 300 ft AGL, 2844 ft AMSL, 31.18078,-102.86772, Studying, submitted 2026-10-13”FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Air permit number: 181033 (PSDTX1672)“Pacifico Energy has obtained a 7.65GW air permit from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- NSR air quality permit: issued“In accordance with Title 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Chapter 116 your permit is hereby issued”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- PSD permit: issued“Permit Numbers: 181033, PSDTX1672, and GHGPSDTX255”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- GHG PSD permit: issued“All preconstruction authorizations (including the pending authorization, permit GHGPSDTX255) must be obtained prior to start of construction”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Air permits, construction-start condition: condition deadline“This permit will be automatically void upon the occurrence of any of the following, as indicated in 30 TAC 116.120(a): 1. Failure to begin construction within 18 months of the date of issuance”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Pecos County officials (statements published in the developer's announcement; no commissioners-court vote located): Public endorsement of GW Ranch by County Judge Joe Shuster and Economic Development Director Remie Ramos“Pecos County's continued effort to diversify the local economy directly aligns with the development of GW Ranch”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Pacifico GW LLC application for the GW Ranch Energy Center, Pecos County: NSR/PS: air quality permit application received“The project has initiated permitting with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Air quality NSR/PSD/GHG permit (consolidated application): application filed“Pacifico GW LLC (Pacifico) is submitting this permit application to authorize the construction of a natural gas-fired simple cycle power plant at a greenfield site in Pecos County, Texas”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Stage: building (early stage)“In August, Amazon filed building permits for three 189,000-sq-ft data center buildings to be located on the 8,000-acre remote Pecos County campus”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Jurisdiction: Unincorporated Pecos County, state-led permitting; no county zoning or building permit applies“The site is located on Highway 18, approximately 17 miles north of Fort Stockton, in Pecos County, Texas”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Building registration (architectural barriers, TABS): filed“Amazon filed building permits for three 189,000-sq-ft data center buildings”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Pecos County Commissioners Court: Regular session: proposed tax abatement items were tabled (Fort Stockton Pioneer). The accessible report does not name GW Ranch or Pacifico, NOT attributed to this campus; logged for fo“Pecos County Commissioners Court met Monday, Sept. 28, for a regular session that lasted approximately one hour, with proposed tax abatements, swimming pool repairs and recognition of local 4-H member”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Buildings permitted: 3 buildings“Amazon filed building permits for three 189,000-sq-ft data center buildings”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Texas Gov. Abbott directs a pause on new data-center grid connections pending PUCT/ERCOT ownership, financial, water and community-impact audits (provisionally qualified large-load audits due Dec 10, 2026). GW Ranch is i“It's also uncertain if or how the project would be affected by a statewide pause on new data center projects connecting to the state grid, announced Aug. 3 by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- Ghg permitted: 33000000 tpy CO2e“33 million tons per year of climate-warming greenhouse gases”State agency · March 2026 · grade C
- Criteria pollutants permitted: 12000 tpy“The TCEQ permit authorizes (i) 12,000 tons per year of dangerous health-harming pollutants including soot, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds”State agency · March 2026 · grade C
- a: air quality permit issued (final)“Pacifico Energy has obtained a 7.65GW air permit from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for its planned 5GW GW Ranch project in West Texas”News report · Jan. 2026 · grade C
- Developer: Pacifico Energy (Pacifico GW LLC)“Pacifico GW, LLC has requested an initial permit concerning the above-referenced project”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade C
- Permit construction deadline: July 21, 2027“Failure to begin construction within 18 months of the date of issuance”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade C
- TCEQ issues Permits 181033, PSDTX1672 and GHGPSDTX255 to Pacifico GW LLC, the largest US air permit by capacity. Construction must begin by Jul 21, 2027 or the permits void (30 TAC 116.120(a))“In accordance with Title 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Chapter 116 your permit is hereby issued”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade C
Site and other (11)
- Data Center Controls Tech, Coyanosa, Texas - Amazon Data Services posting located in Pecos County, live on amazon.jobs (posted October 15, 2026)“Data Center Controls Tech, Coyanosa, Texas | US, TX, Coyanosa | posted October 15, 2026”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Data Center Controls Tech, Coyanosa, Texas - second concurrent requisition, live on amazon.jobs (posted October 15, 2026)“Data Center Controls Tech, Coyanosa, Texas | US, TX, Coyanosa | posted October 15, 2026”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Commissioning Engineer, AWS Commissioning (AMER-West) located at Coyanosa, TX, live on amazon.jobs (posted October 14, 2026) - commissioning hiring is consistent with buildings approaching delivery“Commissioning Engineer, AWS Commissioning, AMER-West | US, TX, Coyanosa | posted October 14, 2026”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Engineering Operation Technician, DCC Communities, located at Pecos, TX, live on amazon.jobs (posted August 19, 2026)“Engineering Operation Technician, DCC Communities | US, TX, Pecos | posted August 19, 2026”Company · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Infra Delivery Install Technician located at Pecos, TX, live on amazon.jobs (posted August 13, 2026)“Infra Delivery Install Technician | US, TX, Pecos | posted August 13, 2026”Company · Aug. 2026 · grade A
- Original target date: 2028 (first phase online); 2030 (full buildout)“Modular design enables scalable buildout: 1 GW online in 2028, full 5 GW in 2030”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Site acres: 8000 acres“The project, sited within 8,000+ acres in Pecos County, Texas, is purpose-built to support hyperscale data centers”Company · Aug. 2025 · grade B
- Construction stage: clearing (land clearing under way Jul 2026; three data-center buildings registered with the state Aug 2026)“Cleanview reviewed satellite imagery to look for the project and discovered that land clearing had begun at the site”News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
- County: Pecos County“GW Ranch Energy Center, Fort Stockton, Pecos County”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade C
- Location: Highway 18, approximately 17 miles north of Fort Stockton“The site is located on Highway 18, approximately 17 miles north of Fort Stockton, in Pecos County, Texas”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
- Acres: 8400 acres“The Project will be situated on an approximately 8,400-acre site in Pecos County, Texas”State agency · Aug. 2025 · grade C
Imagery and records: Satellite imagery: Maxar via Esri World Imagery Wayback; Sentinel-2 (ESA Copernicus).