Data center profile · 228 Cayuga Drive, Lansing, Tompkins County, New York (former Milliken Station coal plant)

TeraWulf Cayuga Campus (Lake Hawkeye)

TeraWulf's campus at a retired coal plant in Lansing, New York: up to 400 MW gross planned (company says), stalled by a state permit freeze.

Stalled, pre-construction. TeraWulf signed an 80-year ground lease in Aug. 2025 ($98M prepaid), with no tenant, accepted site plan or data-center permit. First power slipped from late 2026 to about 2029; on Sept. 29, 2026 Town Board ordered a data-center ban drafted.
Up to 400 MW
gross campus power, company says
a ceiling, not utility-confirmed; the company's ~320 MW conversion figure is not a confirmed IT capacity
138 MW
first phase from the utility
the original 2H 2026 target, now dead; recent coverage says about 150 MW
183 acres
under an 80-year ground lease
$98M prepaid rent; landlord is owned by TeraWulf's CEO
~2029
operations now expected
company guidance, Aug. 2026
OperatorTeraWulf Inc. (Nasdaq: WULF), through its subsidiary Lake Hawkeye LLC
Customer
Planned IT capacity320 MW at full build-out (company IT figure)
Next stepLansing's draft data-center ban still needs planning board and county review before a final vote; no date set
Permits

Permits checklist

1 contested · 1 pending · 1 granted · 2 checked, nothing on file

The town controls zoning and site plans; the state environmental agency controls water and air permits.

Risks

Why it stopped, what could revive it

Lawsuits

1 case on record

Power

Power and the grid

None energized or contracted yet

Grid via the plant's Milliken switchyard (NYSEG territory)Not contracted
138 MW
company-stated first-phase utility figure; no new load contract or interconnection agreement announced OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
Proposed

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. Aug. 14, 2025
    First phase announced
    The company's materials show 138 MW ready for service in the second half of 2026, 300 MW and then 400 MW. Company · Oct. 2026
  2. Aug. 5, 2026
    Schedule slips to about 2029
    Q2 results say Cayuga operations are not contemplated until about 2029. Company · Oct. 2026
  3. Sept. 2025
    Grid-operator queue position
    The grid operator's queue lists a phased build of 50 MW in 2026 growing to 138 MW; the 400 MW expansion is a study position only, not approved. Company · Sept. 2025
Queue positions on record
  1. May 21, 2019
    NYISO queue 0850
    50 MW, in queue, at Milliken 115kV Dataset · Oct. 2026
  2. April 24, 2024
    NYISO queue 1683
    88 MW, in queue, at Milliken substation 115kV Dataset · Oct. 2026
  3. March 29, 2025
    NYISO queue 1733
    162 MW, in queue, at Milliken 115kV Substation Dataset · Oct. 2026

What is next door

campus39.53 km · 345 kV+ linecampus39.53 km · 345 kV+ line

Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026

Money

Money on record

$98M
prepaid rent, paid at signing
includes $95M of TeraWulf stock to the landlord's parent SEC filing · Oct. 2026
$400M
implied community package at 400 MW
New York's $1M-per-MW framework is a recommendation, not a bill State agency · Oct. 2026
$500,000
set aside by the town for legal costs
for an expected TeraWulf lawsuit News report · Oct. 2026
$100 option
reciprocal purchase options after year 50 of the lease

Not on record: tenant or customer lease: TeraWulf funds development directly SEC filing · Aug. 2026

Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. July 2019
    Site An earlier 100 MW data-center plan for the same site is filed and never built News report · Oct. 2026
  2. Aug. 12, 2025
    Money TeraWulf signs an 80-year ground lease with a company owned by its CEO SEC filing · Oct. 2026
  3. Aug. 14, 2025
    Site TeraWulf announces the campus, with 138 MW targeted for late 2026 Company · Oct. 2026
  4. Nov. 19, 2025
    Permits Lansing board drops a town-wide moratorium after TeraWulf threatens legal action News report · Oct. 2026
  5. Dec. 2025
    Permits Zoning appeals board classifies the data center as a general processing facility, 3-2 News report · Oct. 2026
  6. Jan. 29, 2026
    Legal Residents' groups file a court challenge to the zoning ruling News report · Oct. 2026
  7. April 27, 2026
    Permits Planning Board finds the site plan incomplete News report · Oct. 2026
  8. July 14, 2026
    Permits New York's governor pauses state permits for new large data centers for up to a year State agency · Oct. 2026
  9. Aug. 5, 2026
    Site TeraWulf says operations at Cayuga are not expected until about 2029 Company · Oct. 2026
  10. Sept. 29, 2026
    Permits 36 of 38 speakers oppose; town board directs its attorney to draft a ban News report · Oct. 2026
  11. Oct. 2, 2026
    Site TeraWulf's CEO writes that the company will not abandon or sell its plans News report · Oct. 2026
The buildings

Specs

Phase 1 three data centers; one or two more in Phase 2 (site plan presented Apr. 2026). News report · Oct. 2026

Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Developer
  • TeraWulf Inc. and its subsidiary Lake Hawkeye LLC
Landlord and related party
  • Cayuga Operating Company LLC, owned through Riesling Power LLC by TeraWulf CEO Paul Prager
Decision-makers
  • Town of Lansing: Town Board, Planning Board and Zoning Board of Appeals
  • NY DEC: water and air permits; Governor of New York: permit pause
Opponents
  • FLX Strong, CLEAN and No Data Center FLX; Tompkins County Legislature urged denial of the water permit
Utility
  • NYSEG: serving territory; no data-center agreement
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

137 records from 35 documents

Drawn from news reports, securities filings, state agency records, public and commercial datasets, company statements and local government records, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 13SEC filing 9State agency 8Dataset 4Company 3Local government 1
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (26)
  • Site history: Former Cayuga (Milliken Station) coal-fired power station; generation discontinued, boilers removed; press dates retirement to 2019
    “Cayuga Operating Company, LLC is an industrial facility that was historically a 322.5-megawatt coalfired power station.”
  • Stated campus size: 400 MW
    “which, upon completion of permitting and site development, has the potential to support up to 400 MW of gross capacity, representing approximately 320 MW of contractual critical IT load”
  • Interconnection status: NYISO load queue positions at the campus Milliken 115kV POI, all filed by site owner Cayuga Operating Company: Q0850 Cayuga Load 50 MW (2019), Q1683 Cayuga Compute 88 MW (2024), Q1733 Cayuga Data
    “Load Projects”
  • large load interconnection request: load interconnection request in queue (NYISO Project Status #7)
    “"Cayuga Load"; "Cayuga Operating Company, LLC"; "Milliken 115kV"”
  • large load interconnection request: load interconnection request in queue (NYISO Project Status #6)
    “"Cayuga Compute"; "Cayuga Operating Company, LLC"; "Milliken substation 115kV"”
  • large load interconnection request: load interconnection request in queue (NYISO Project Status #6)
    “"Cayuga Data"; "Cayuga Operating Company, LLC"; "Milliken 115kV Substation"”
  • Utility: no new load contract or interconnection agreement for the data center has been announced
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
  • Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 39.53 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
  • Stated campus size: 400 MW
    “exclusive rights to develop up to 400 MW of digital infrastructure capacity”
  • Stated campus size: 138 MW
    “with 138 MW of low-cost, predominantly zero-carbon power expected to be ready for service in 2026”
  • IT capacity: 320 MW
    “potential for up to 400 MW of gross capacity, supporting approximately 320 MW of critical IT load”
    grade B
  • Utility service: not stated
    “NYISO has approved 138 MW for the initial buildout. TeraWulf is working with NYISO on expansion of up to ~400 MW.”
  • On-site generation: not stated
    “At Cayuga, we continue to advance permitting activities, with operations not currently contemplated until approximately 2029.”
  • Power plan: grid
    “NYISO has approved 138 MW for the initial buildout. TeraWulf is working with NYISO on expansion of up to ~400 MW.”
  • Original target date: 2H 2026 first power ready for service; initial operations late 2026, full buildout by 2029
    “Site development is underway, with initial operations expected in late 2026 and full buildout by 2029.”
  • Timeline collapse: Aug 2025 materials promised first 138 MW ready for service in 2H 2026; by the Q2 2026 release the company said Cayuga operations are 'not currently contemplated until approximately 2029' - a ~3-year sl
    “At Cayuga, we continue to advance permitting activities, with operations not currently contemplated until approximately 2029.”
  • large load interconnection request: approved for up to 138 MW of load; active NYISO interconnection position to increase capacity toward 400 MW under evaluation through the NYISO study process
    “phased buildout of 50 MW in 2026 and expansion to 138 MW, as approved by NYISO.”
  • Utility service: 138 MW
    “with 138 MW of low-cost, predominantly zero-carbon power expected to be ready for service in 2026”
  • Site control: 80-year ground lease with Cayuga Operating Company LLC over approximately 183 acres at the former Cayuga coal plant (Lansing, NY; retired 2019, formerly 227 MW), executed Aug 12-14, 2025, with reciprocal pu
    “The Cayuga Ground Lease, executed with Cayuga Operating Company LLC ("Cayuga"), has a term of 80 years”
  • Registry status: At risk; NO data-center permit of any kind has been issued. TeraWulf's Cayuga Data Campus (80-year ground lease from Cayuga Operating Company LLC, Aug 2025, ~183 acres at the former Milliken Station, up
    “The approval process for a proposed data center on Cayuga Lake was paused in July when Gov. Kathy Hochul (D-N.Y.) signed Executive Order 62, enacting a one year moratorium on state permitting for data centers”
  • Phase 1 size drift: the 2025 plan fixed Phase I at 138 MW (three data centers per the Apr 2026 site-plan presentation); Oct 2026 coverage and opponent materials describe the current town-facing proposal as ~150 MW. No co
    “The TeraWulf development will include three centers in Phase 1, with plans to add one or two more to the campus in Phase 2.”
  • A ~67 MW solar installation is planned and an 800 MWh BESS is in advanced development on parcels ADJACENT to the leased area (landlord/Riesling projects) - frequently misreported as campus supply; neither is contracted t
    “A ~67 MW solar installation is planned, and an 800MWh battery energy storage system is in advanced development on parcels adjacent to the leased area.”
  • CEO Prager letter to the Town Board: $98M prepaid rent emphasized; 'We will not abandon our development plans for the property or sell our interest'; no tax abatements sought; company developing plans to co-locate genera
    “we are developing plans to co-locate power generation at Lake Hawkeye”
  • CEO Paul Prager entered a prepaid forward transaction covering up to 3,000,000 TeraWulf shares (valued ~$52.35M) - shares his Riesling Power received as the lease's prepaid rent - per a Sep 22, 2026 Form 144 reported by
    “Chief Executive Officer Paul B. Prager entered a prepaid forward transaction covering up to 3 million shares valued at $52.35 million”
  • Predecessor plan: in July 2019 Riesling Power and Beowulf Energy LLC filed plans for a 100 MW facility at the site under the 'Empire State Data Hub' initiative - the site has been marketed for data-center use for 7+ year
    “In July 2019, the company and Beowulf Energy LLC filed plans for a 100MW facility there as part of a project called the Empire State Data Hub initiative.”
  • Interconnection status: NYISO-approved 138 MW via the on-site plant switchyard (NYSEG territory); active NYISO position to expand toward 400 MW in study; NOT energized for the data center - no tenant, no construction sta
    “The proposed data campus has approved electrical interconnection capacity for up to 138 MW of load.”
Money and contracts (19)
  • Incentives: none in place - no PILOT for the campus; legacy AES-era TCIDA PILOT for the plant was terminated Mar 2024; company states it is not seeking abatements
    “the Agency hereby terminates the PILOT Agreement”
  • covenant to NYSDEC: covenant
    “a new water withdrawal permit application is required for the acquisition or condemnation of the approved water withdrawal system”
  • PILOT agreement (legacy, plant era): termination
    “the Agency hereby terminates the PILOT Agreement”
  • Tenant status: no tenant - no customer lease for Cayuga appears in TeraWulf's SEC filings or press as of Oct 2026; the campus is forward development pipeline only
    “The Cayuga Site provides an additional anchor location with existing interconnection and supporting infrastructure and represents a key component of the Company's forward development pipeline”
  • Tenants: none announced as of Oct 2026
    “TeraWulf is directly funding development. Longterm data center leases will support additional financing.”
  • Tenant status: speculative development - no executed tenant lease; company funding development directly
    “Yes. TeraWulf is directly funding development. Longterm data center leases will support additional financing.”
  • ground lease: base 183 acres; 80-year term
    “The Cayuga Lease has an initial term of 80 years, commencing on the Effective Date, with no renewal rights.”
  • ground lease: consideration 98000000 USD prepaid rent
    “consisting of (i) $95 million in the form of TeraWulf common stock, par value $0.001 (“Common Stock”) determined on the basis of a 15-day trailing VWAP and (ii) $3 million in cash”
  • ground lease: purchase option 100 USD purchase price
    “Any time after the 50th anniversary of the Effective Date (i) TW Tenant may elect to purchase the Premises for $100”
  • ground lease: purchase option 100 USD purchase price
    “(ii) Cayuga Landlord and Cayuga Landlord Parent may require TW Tenant to purchase the Premises on the same terms”
  • ground lease: termination tenant liable for rent deficiency on reletting after default termination
    “as well as provisions relating to environmental matters, insurance, casualty, condemnation, assignment, subleasing, default and remedies”
  • ground lease: missing clause no tenant termination-for-convenience clause and no power/MW/interconnection terms found in the lease (land, structures and equipment only)
    “The Cayuga Lease contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities”
  • registration rights agreement: base
    “TeraWulf agreed to file a resale shelf registration statement on Form S-3 as soon as is reasonably practicable”
  • Tenant status: none named
    “The Cayuga Site provides an additional anchor location with existing interconnection and supporting infrastructure and represents a key component of the Company's forward development pipeline”
  • Tenant lease: execution
    “80-year lease with Cayuga Operating Company LLC ("Cayuga") for approximately 183 acres of land at the Cayuga site”
  • Tenant lease: term 80 years
    “The Cayuga Ground Lease, executed with Cayuga Operating Company LLC ("Cayuga"), has a term of 80 years”
  • Tenant lease: capacity 138 MW utility
    “with 138 MW of low-cost, predominantly zero-carbon power expected to be ready for service in 2026”
  • review escrow: escrow 4000 USD additional deposit
    “An escrow account was set up, paid by TeraWulf, to cover the costs of consultants on the project.”
  • Town Board special meeting: 36 of 38 speakers opposed; board directed the town attorney to draft an outright data-center ban; $500,000 set aside in next year's budget for legal costs of an expected TeraWulf suit. Organiz
    “Any prohibition would require additional public, planning and county review before a final vote.”
Permits and government (25)
  • Address: 228 Cayuga Drive, Lansing, NY 14882
    “Permit Issued To: CAYUGA OPERATING COMPANY LLC, 228 CAYUGA DR, LANSING, NY 14882”
  • Water Withdrawal (non-public): issued (renewal)
    “This permit authorizes the withdrawal of up to 1,008,000 gallons per day (gpd) of water for system maintenance, sump pumping, and dust control”
  • SPDES industrial discharge: issued (renewal/modification)
    “on April 13, 2026, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) renewed the Water Withdrawal and State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SDPES) permits”
  • Water Withdrawal + SPDES applications: applications noticed complete (ENB)
    “the water withdrawal amounts are being reduced from 245 million gallons per day (MGD) to 1.008 MGD”
  • Executive Order 62 moratorium: moratorium in effect
    “a moratorium is in place and the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) will not issue any discretionary permits not already deemed complete”
  • Executive Order 62 pauses DEC discretionary permits for data centers >=50 MW not already deemed complete (GEIS up to one year); the follow-on Community Investment Framework recommends a $1M/MW community investment benchm
    “a recommended community investment benchmark of $1 million for every megawatt of utility demand associated with a data center project”
  • DEC issued the landlord's legacy Water Withdrawal renewal (1.008 MGD, maintenance uses) over Jan 2026 resolutions from the Tompkins County Legislature and the Seneca County Board of Supervisors urging denial; opponents'
    “the water withdrawal amounts are being reduced from 245 million gallons per day (MGD) to 1.008 MGD”
  • Construction status: Pre-development at Oct 2026: land leased and zoning classification resolved in the company's favor (Dec 2025), but no construction start, no tenant and no building permits in any A5 source 14 months
    “The Cayuga Site provides a third anchor location with existing interconnection and supporting infrastructure and represents a key component of the Company's forward development pipeline.”
  • Stage: stalled - DEC permitting paused under Executive Order 62, town drafting an outright data-center ban, zoning classification under Article 78 challenge
    “At Cayuga, we continue to advance permitting activities, with operations not currently contemplated until approximately 2029.”
  • Current target date: approximately 2029 (company guidance, Aug 2026)
    “At Cayuga, we continue to advance permitting activities, with operations not currently contemplated until approximately 2029.”
  • ICIS-Air facility record (legacy coal plant): Permanently Closed
    “ECHO air pull at plant point 42.602544,-76.635978 returned CAYUGA OPERATING COMPANY, LLC; LANSING NY; FRS 110000328547”
  • SPDES individual permit (legacy plant record): Draft renewal and modification noticed by DEC (Dec 2025); existing term administratively extended under SAPA
    “The Department has prepared a draft permit and has made a tentative determination, subject to public comment or other information, to approve a renewal and modification of Permit NY0001333”
  • Water Withdrawal permit renewal application (legacy plant record): Application pending (per DEC Dec 2025 fact sheet)
    “The facility also has a pending application to renew its Water Withdrawal permit, DEC ID 7-5032-00019/00024, with a proposed authorized withdrawal of 1.008 MGD”
  • Air Title V facility permit (legacy coal plant): Expired Jan. 28, 2020 (legacy permit; plant retired 2019)
    “Permit ID: 7-5032-00019/00016; Facility DEC ID: 7503200019; Permit Issued To: CAYUGA OPERATING COMPANY LLC, 228 CAYUGA DR, LANSING, NY 14882; Effective 01/29/2015; Expiration 01/28/2020”
  • Construction stage: pre-construction - site plan presented Apr 2026 but application not accepted as complete; no construction underway
    “the board concluded that there is not enough information at this time to make a formal recommendation to the town”
  • Zoning classification: general processing facility (ZBA interpretation on appeal, Dec 2025, 3-2); term undefined in the Lansing zoning code
    “The ZBA previously voted, 3-2, in December to categorize the center as “general processing,” which is not defined in the Lansing Zoning Code.”
  • Zoning interpretation (use classification): interpretation granted on appeal
    “The ZBA previously voted, 3-2, in December to categorize the center as “general processing,” which is not defined in the Lansing Zoning Code.”
  • Site plan review: application not accepted as complete
    “Public comments will not be heard until there is a final application”
  • Tompkins County Legislature - Planning, Energy and Environmental Quality Committee: Public comment on the proposed TeraWulf Cayuga data center and its green-power claims; committee asked staff for an informational datash
    “Just because they are locating themselves where there's a saturation of these low carbon emitting power plants doesn't mean that they themselves are getting green power”
  • Town of Lansing Town Board: Proposed town-wide land-use moratorium (would have paused large-scale development incl. the TeraWulf campus while the zoning code is rewritten) - motion to withdraw the moratorium
    “Originally, at the Lansing Town Board's Nov. 5 meeting, the Board voted 3-2 not to withdraw the moratorium.”
  • Town of Lansing Town Board: Withdrawal of the proposed land-use moratorium (reconsidered after TeraWulf threatened legal action against board members)
    “The Lansing Town Board unanimously voted to withdraw its proposed land-use moratorium on development at its Nov. 19 meeting”
  • Town of Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals: Interpretation appeal: whether the proposed data center is a permitted use - classified as a 'general processing facility'
    “The ZBA previously voted, 3-2, in December to categorize the center as “general processing,” which is not defined in the Lansing Zoning Code.”
  • Town of Lansing Planning Board: TeraWulf site-plan presentation: three data centers in Phase 1, one or two more in Phase 2, solar farm operated by Cayuga Solar; water, noise, traffic and clear-cutting concerns raised
    “The TeraWulf development will include three centers in Phase 1, with plans to add one or two more to the campus in Phase 2.”
  • Town of Lansing Town Board (special meeting): Special meeting on the Lake Hawkeye campus: 36 of 38 speakers opposed; board directed town attorney Megan Doherty to draft an outright data-center ban
    “Any prohibition would require additional public, planning and county review before a final vote.”
  • Town of Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals resolved the classification dispute in TeraWulf's favor (Dec 2025, as reported): after rejecting 'scientific research laboratory' (4-1) and 'warehouse' (3-2) classifications, the b
    “The Town of Lansing voted 3-2 to approve TeraWulf's third appeal to categorize the facility as "general processing"”
Legal (2)
  • Litigation: Article 78 filed Jan 29, 2026 (FLX Strong + CLEAN v. Lansing ZBA, TeraWulf, Cayuga Operating Co., Lake Hawkeye LLC, project applicant); motion to dismiss denied Apr 28, 2026
    “The alleged harm, Masler wrote, denying ZBA and TeraWulf's motion to dismiss, “is not speculative.””
  • Article 78 (FLX Strong + CLEAN v. Lansing ZBA et al., filed Jan 29, 2026): Judge Masler denied the motion to dismiss, holding the alleged noise/environmental harm 'not speculative'; answers due May 22, 2026. If petitione
    “The alleged harm, Masler wrote, denying ZBA and TeraWulf's motion to dismiss, “is not speculative.””
Site and other (9)
  • County: Tompkins County, NY (Town of Lansing)
    “Facility Location: in LANSING in TOMPKINS COUNTY”
  • Coordinates: 42.6018, -76.6346
    “Latitude: 42°36'06.4" Longitude: 76°38'04.7"”
  • Water source: closed-loop cooling; no Cayuga Lake water for operational cooling; process water via Bolton Point municipal system
    “The Cayuga Data Campus cooling system uses a closed loop system”
  • Site acres: 183 acres
    “for a portion of Cayuga Landlord's real property located in the Town of Lansing, New York, consisting of approximately 183 acres”
  • Name: TeraWulf Cayuga Campus
    “It is expected that the Premises will be used by TW Tenant and its subsidiaries primarily for hosting high-performance computing (“HPC”) data center operations.”
  • Aliases: Lake Hawkeye; Lake Hawkeye Data Campus; Cayuga Data Center
    “Lake Hawkeye; Lake Hawkeye Data Campus; Cayuga Data Center”
    grade B
  • Developer: TeraWulf Inc. (Nasdaq: WULF)
    “Lake Hawkeye LLC (“TW Tenant”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of TeraWulf Inc.”
  • Land control: 80-year ground lease from Cayuga Operating Company LLC to Lake Hawkeye LLC (executed Aug 12, 2025); related-party lease - landlord parent owned by TeraWulf's CEO
    “The Cayuga Lease has an initial term of 80 years, commencing on the Effective Date, with no renewal rights.”
  • Site acreage: 183 acres
    “consisting of approximately 183 acres, including all structures, equipment, facilities and fixtures located thereon”