Data center profile · South of Genito Road, east of Moseley Road, Chesterfield County, Virginia (Upper Magnolia Green)

Google Project Skye, Upper Magnolia Green

Google's five-plus data center campus on about 850 to 890 acres in Chesterfield County, Virginia, rezoned 2025, awaiting federal wetlands permit, no construction.

Entitled, permits pending. Rezoned in May 2025; regulators approved Dominion's 230 kV lines in Feb. 2026. The Army Corps wetlands permit was pending after its July 28, 2026 comment deadline. No electric service agreement on record; Google says construction starts in 2027.
The site, Satellite image, March 23, 2025
About 900 MW
area load requests by 2033 that press ties to the campus
Dominion's filing cites about 900 MW of requests in the area; press reads it as three 300 MW phases for this campus; not an IT figure
5+ buildings
data centers plus 3 on-site substations in the federal permit filing
Google's own site says four buildings on 848 acres; the federal filing covers 887.7 acres
18 acres
forested wetlands to be filled, plus 8,115 ft of stream
federal permit decision pending
2029
first building opening, per Google
construction of the first building to start in 2027
OperatorGoogle, self-developed and self-operated (through Skyward Holdings LLC)
CustomerGoogle (owner-occupied)
Planned IT capacity720 MW at full build-out (our estimate from the company or utility power figure)
First building in serviceOur estimate: 2028 (range 2028 to 2029); company says 2029.
Next deadline2027: Google says construction of the first building starts in 2027, targeting a 2029 opening
From orbit

The site

Satellite views of the same ground on July 4, 2010 and March 23, 2025. Drag to compare.

after
before
◀ Aerial photo, July 4, 2010Satellite image, March 23, 2025 ▶
Power

Power and the grid

None energized or contracted yet

Dominion Energy Virginia grid serviceLines approved, no service agreement
900 MW
about 900 MW of projected load by 2033 in the Western Chesterfield Load Area, which press ties to this campus in three 300 MW phases (2031 to 2033); only an engineering letter has been signed Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
Proposed

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. April 24, 2025
    Dominion files for new lines
    Dominion applies for two 230 kV lines and a new Duval Substation to serve western Chesterfield growth. Utility regulator · April 2025
  2. Feb. 9, 2026
    State approves the lines
    Regulators grant the certificate for about 7.1 miles of double-circuit 230 kV lines, estimated at $121.1M, which must be in service by June 1, 2028. see Permits
  3. 2025
    Only an engineering letter signed
    The state record says the data center developer has executed only an Engineering Letter of Authorization with Dominion. Utility regulator · Dec. 2025
  4. 2027
    New large-load rate class starts
    Customers of 25 MW or more face minimum demand charges of at least 85% of contracted demand. News report · Nov. 2025

Grid upgrades

What the grid is building for this load: the asset, its cost, who pays and when it is due to be energized. An upgrade may serve a later phase, not the first building.

What is next door

campus8.30 km · 345 kV+ line8.53 km · 345 kV+ substation13.09 km · gas pipelinecampus8.30 km · 345 kV+ line8.53 km · 345 kV+ substation13.09 km · gas pipeline

Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026

Permits

Permits checklist

4 pending · 2 granted · 1 checked, nothing on file

Approvals a campus like this normally needs, and what the record shows.

Risks

What could slow it down

Money

Money on record

$121.1M
estimated cost of Dominion's new lines and substation
2025 dollars; the utility's project Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
$0.24 per $100
locked data center equipment tax rate
up to 30 years, with county grants covering any increase (press) News report · June 2025
$15.0M
Land purchase from the Horner trust, recorded July 2025
to Skyward Holdings LLC (county deed records) County deed records · July 2025
$8.9M
Land purchase from Rosenberger Land LLC, recorded July 2025
to Skyward Holdings LLC (county deed records) County deed records · July 2025

Not on record: project financing: Google self-develops and bought the land outright from the county authority Local government · Oct. 2026

Land assembly

6 recorded land documents for the campus company in county records (July 2025 to Sept. 2025); 4 list a price. 2 sales or conveyances by the campus company or to public bodies are not listed. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.

+1 more
Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. May 26, 2022
    Permits County rezones 1,728 acres at Upper Magnolia Green West for a technology village, 3 to 2 Local government · May 2022
  2. April 24, 2025
    Power Dominion files for the 230 kV lines to serve western Chesterfield Utility regulator · April 2025
  3. May 28, 2025
    Permits Supervisors unanimously rezone the site for data centers News report · May 2025
  4. July 8, 2025
    Site Skyward Holdings LLC records several land purchases in one day, the largest $15.0M from the Horner trust (county deed records) County deed records · July 2025
  5. Aug. 27, 2025
    Site County reveals Google as the buyer of three sites after years under a nondisclosure agreement News report · Aug. 2025
  6. Feb. 9, 2026
    Power State regulators approve the new lines and Duval Substation Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
  7. June 19, 2026
    Permits Army Corps receives drawings for the wetlands permit covering five data centers and three substations State agency · Oct. 2026
  8. July 15, 2026
    Site Google holds its first public open house, with a second on July 16 News report · July 2026
  9. July 22, 2026
    Site Residents deliver a petition of more than 2,500 signatures against the nondisclosure agreements News report · July 2026
  10. July 28, 2026
    Permits Federal comment period on the wetlands permit closes State agency · Oct. 2026
  11. 2027
    Site Google's stated start of construction on the first building Company · Oct. 2026
  12. June 1, 2028
    Power Deadline for Dominion's new lines to be in service Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
Construction activity

Satellite captures by quarter

Since July 2010: 75 satellite captures. The chart starts in the first quarter of 2023; 10 earlier records are not drawn.

Satellite
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 6. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings

Specs

887.7 acres
study area in the federal permit filing; Google's site says 848
News report · Oct. 2026
350.9 acres
limits of disturbance in the application drawings
State agency · July 2026
Up to 1.755 million gallons a day
maximum public-water allocation listed by the county (press)
News report · July 2026
Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Developer and owners
  • Google (Alphabet): developer and operator
  • Skyward Holdings LLC: Google-side project entity named on the air-permit form (press)
  • Chesterfield Economic Development Authority: seller of the land; applicant for the rezoning
Decision-makers
  • Chesterfield Board of Supervisors
  • Virginia State Corporation Commission
  • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District
  • Virginia DEQ
Power and water
  • Dominion Energy Virginia: utility
  • Chesterfield County Department of Utilities: water
Advisers
  • Timmons Group: wetlands drawings
  • Roth Jackson: zoning counsel for the authority
Opponents
  • Magnolia Coalition (about 4,500 online members)
  • Main Street Homes: neighboring builder with noise concerns
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

371 records from 32 documents

Drawn from news reports, public and commercial datasets, state agency records, local government records, securities filings, utility regulator dockets, company statements and satellite captures, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 18Dataset 8State agency 4Local government 3SEC filing 2Utility regulator 1Company 1Satellite 0
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (41)
  • SEC filings: Alphabet has never named Project Skye, Magnolia, Upper Magnolia Green, Moseley or Chesterfield in any filing - the 900 MW utility figure rests entirely on the Dominion SCC record (utility-regulator scope), n
    “CIK-constrained search of all Alphabet filings for "Skye" returned 0 documents”
    SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • IT capacity: not stated
    “to construct a Google mission-critical data center campus, of no less than five data center buildings”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • On-site generation: not stated
    “to construct five data centers, three substations, parking, roads, utilities, and stormwater management facilities”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Stage: Entitled (rezoning approved) and in federal/state permitting
    “The applicant is requesting a DA permit to construct five data centers, three substations”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Project scope: Google mission-critical campus of no less than five data center buildings with associated substations; study limits 887.7 acres and limits of disturbance 350.9 acres per the application drawings (Timmons G
    “The applicant's stated purpose is to construct a Google mission-critical data center campus, of no less than five data center buildings”
    State agency · July 2026 · grade A
  • Entitlement status: site-specific rezoning 25SN1038 approved May-Jun 2025; USACE Section 404 permit application NAO-2026-00282 pending (public notice issued; drawings revised through Jun 12, 2026); no construction start
    “The applicant is requesting a DA permit to construct five data centers, three substations, parking, roads, utilities, and stormwater management facilities”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Buildings: 5
    “The applicant is requesting a DA permit to construct five data centers, three substations, parking, roads, utilities, and stormwater management facilities”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Substations on-site: 3
    “to construct five data centers, three substations, parking, roads, utilities, and stormwater management facilities”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Utility service: 900 MW
    “To support future load growth identified in DP requests totaling approximately 900 MW of projected load anticipated by 2033 in the Western Chesterfield Load Area”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Interconnection status: Docket-approved: Virginia SCC Final Order Feb 9, 2026 in Case PUR-2025-00073 granted CPCN Certificate No. ET-DEV-CHE-2026-A for the 230 kV Duval-Midlothian Lines and Duval Substation built to serv
    “Neither Staff nor any party disputes the fact that, if the Google Development materializes, the second double-circuit line will be needed.”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Utility service: 900 MW
    “To support future load growth identified in DP requests totaling approximately 900 MW of projected load anticipated by 2033 in the Western Chesterfield Load Area”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Power plan: grid
    “Dominion is authorized to construct and operate the Project as proposed in its Application”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Utility: Dominion Energy Virginia (Virginia Electric and Power Company)
    “On April 24, 2025, Virginia Electric and Power Company filed with the State Corporation Commission an application”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Substation: Duval Substation (new Dominion 230-34.5 kV substation); feed from Midlothian Substation
    “Construct a new 230-34.5 kV substation in Chesterfield County, Virginia (Duval Substation)”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Substation kV: 230 kV
    “Construct two new 230 kilovolt (kV) double circuit overhead transmission lines (for a total of four circuits)”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • large load interconnection request: Final Order issued Feb 9, 2026; CPCN granted; Dominion authorized to construct and operate the 230 kV Duval-Midlothian Lines and Duval Substation
    “Dominion is authorized to construct and operate the Project as proposed in its Application, subject to the findings and recommendations approved herein.”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • transmission CPCN: final order, CPCN granted
    “the Commission issues the following CPCN to Dominion: Certificate No. ET-DEV-CHE-2026-A”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • transmission CPCN: construction deadline condition
    “The Project approved herein must be constructed and in service by June 1, 2028”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • SCC Staff noted in PUR-2025-00073 that the future Garnet, Topaz and Amethyst Substations in the Western Chesterfield Load Area are still in planning and were only recently submitted to PJM, load-area growth beyond Skye
    “the future Garnet, Topaz, and Amethyst Substations are still in the planning stages and have only recently been submitted to PJM Interconnection, LLC”
    Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
  • Interconnection status: Engineering Letter of Authorization executed with Dominion; no electric service agreement in the SCC record
    “the planned data center development has only executed an Engineering Letter of Authorization”
    Utility regulator · Dec. 2025 · grade A
  • Electric service agreement signed: No, only an Engineering Letter of Authorization had been executed as of the SCC record (Dec 2025)
    “the planned data center development has only executed an Engineering Letter of Authorization”
    Utility regulator · Dec. 2025 · grade A
  • transmission CPCN: application filed
    “Dominion filed its Application pursuant to 56-46.1 of the Code of Virginia and the Utility Facilities Act”
    Utility regulator · April 2025 · grade A
  • Project status: announced only - entitled and in federal permitting; no construction start found
    “none (entitled and in federal permitting; ~887.7 acres, five data-center buildings and three substations per the USACE filing; no construction start found)”
    grade B
  • County code: 51041
    “agency anchor (37.4398,-77.75901): Chesterfield County VA (51041) per FCC point-in-county lookup; the USACE notice places all five buildings and three substations in Chesterfield County”
    Dataset · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 8.3 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest substation of 345 kV or more: 8.53 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest gas pipeline: 13.09 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Stated campus size: not stated
    “We are currently working with Dominion Energy to secure high-voltage power via their interconnection queue process”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Grid operator: PJM
    “PJM”
    grade B
  • Utility service: 900 MW
    “900 (utility load basis, per Dominion Energy's SCC filing as reported; NOT an IT figure and NOT Dominion's Chesterfield Energy Reliability Center generation)”
    grade B
  • Grid upgrade due to be energized by: Jan. 1, 2028
    “S3677.2 Connect the new substation by extending four new 230 kV lines from Midlothian substation to proposed Duval substation. 1/1/2028 $80.00 Dominion 2/4/2025”
    Dataset · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • Grid upgrade cost tied to this load: 110000000 USD
    “S3677.2 Connect the new substation by extending four new 230 kV lines from Midlothian substation to proposed Duval substation. 1/1/2028 $80.00 Dominion 2/4/2025”
    Dataset · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • transmission upgrade (RTEP supplemental): Approved
    “Lines to terminate in a 230 kV six-breaker ring arrangement.”
    Dataset · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • transmission upgrade (RTEP supplemental): Approved
    “Connect the new substation by extending four new 230 kV lines from Midlothian substation to proposed Duval substation.”
    Dataset · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • Google's 200 MW power purchase agreement with Commonwealth Fusion Systems (Jun 30, 2025) is a portfolio purchase from a separate planned Chesterfield County project. It is not supply for Project Skye and is excluded from
    “a deal with Commonwealth Fusion Systems to purchase 200 megawatts of power from the first-of-its-kind commercial fusion energy plant”
    Local government · June 2025 · grade B
  • Owner companies: Skyward Holdings LLC
    “a June 2026 air-permit certification form for Skyward Holdings LLC the entity behind Project Skye”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
  • Cooling: Cooling towers listed in the DEQ air-permit certification (evaporative cooling), with diesel-fired emergency generators and fuel storage tanks
    “a June 2026 air-permit certification form for Skyward Holdings LLC the entity behind Project Skye, listing diesel fired emergency generators, fuel storage tanks and cooling towers”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
  • Rate class: Dominion GS-5 large-load rate class (customers 25 MW and above, effective Jan 1, 2027)
    “the Commission created a new GS-5 rate class specifically for customers demanding 25 megawatts or more”
    News report · Nov. 2025 · grade C
  • SCC final order in Dominion's biennial review (Case PUR-2025-00058) created the GS-5 large-load rate class effective Jan 1, 2027: customers at or above 25 MW pay minimum demand charges of at least 85 percent of contracte
    “Starting January 1, 2027, GS-5 customers have to pay a minimum demand charge equal to at least 85% of their contracted transmission and distribution demand”
    News report · Nov. 2025 · grade C
  • Code names: Project Skye; Sky (county agreement code name)
    “There are also fixed rate agreements for projects code named Sky and Air”
    News report · June 2025 · grade C
  • Phases: 3 delivery phases of 300 MW each, completing 2031, 2032 and 2033
    “In a filing with the State Corporation Commission, Dominion reported that it would supply the power in three 300MW phases”
    News report · April 2025 · grade C
Money and contracts (30)
  • Wetland stream impacts: 17.99 acres palustrine forested wetlands + 8,115 LF stream channel permanent impacts; 7.23 acres PFO-to-PEM conversion; 125 LF temporary stream impact; mitigation by purchase of 43.31 wetland cred
    “that will impact 17.99 acres of palustrine forested wetlands (PFO), 8,115 linear feet of stream channel, convert 7.23 acres of PFO to palustrine emergent wetlands (PEM)”
    State agency · July 2026 · grade A
  • Tenants: Google
    “to construct a Google mission-critical data center campus”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Wetlands impact acres: 17.99
    “that will impact 17.99 acres of palustrine forested wetlands (PFO), 8,115 linear feet of stream channel, convert 7.23 acres of PFO to palustrine emergent wetlands (PEM)”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Engineering Letter of Authorization: scope Engineering authorization only; no electric service agreement executed as of the SCC record
    “the planned data center development has only executed an Engineering Letter of Authorization, and the future Garnet, Topaz, and Amethyst Substations are still in the planning stages”
    Utility regulator · Dec. 2025 · grade A
  • Stated capital cost: not stated
    “Google announced it will build a state-of-the-art data center in Chesterfield as the anchor of $9 billion in new investment across Virginia through 2026”
    Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: Sept. 10, 2025 · Grantor: COUNTY OF CHESTERFIELD VIRGINIA · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Parcel number: 701-68-63-25-000-000 · Address: 4300 MT HERMON RD · City: MOSELEY”
    County deed records · Sept. 2025 · grade B
  • Tenant status: owner-occupied
    “Those are for future development, she said, noting that Google is focused on getting the Bermuda Hundred data center campus up and running”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Announced: Aug. 27, 2025
    “Until Wednesday's announcement, Google's ownership of the three properties had been shielded from the public under a nondisclosure agreement”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (EDA to Google entity): scope - land 880 acres
    “Google purchased two other sites in Chesterfield earlier this year: an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (EDA to Google entity): price
    “an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green and a 350-acre section of Watkins Centre South”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Nondisclosure agreement: confidentiality, finding Google's ownership of the three Chesterfield properties was shielded from the public under an EDA nondisclosure agreement until Aug 27, 2025; supervisors have acknowledg
    “Google's ownership of the three properties had been shielded from the public under a nondisclosure agreement with the Chesterfield Economic Development Authority”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Google's $9 billion Virginia investment program through 2026 covers all three Chesterfield campuses (Peanut, Skye, Loch) plus expansions in Loudoun and Prince William Counties. It is a statewide program figure and is NOT
    “the anchor of $9 billion in new investment across Virginia through 2026”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: Aug. 4, 2025 · Grantor: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Grantee: ECONOMIC DEV AUTHORITY OF CNTY OF C · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”
    County deed records · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: July 16, 2025 · Grantor: ECONOMIC DEV AUTHORITY OF CNTY OF C · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Parcel number: 697-67-96-58-900-000 · Address: 18100 DUVAL RD · City: MOSELEY”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: July 15, 2025 · Grantor: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Grantee: ECONOMIC DEV AUTHORITY OF CNTY OF C · Parcel number: 695-68-28-29-100-000 · Address: 4341 MT HERMON RD · City: MOSELEY”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 15000000 USD
    “Recorded: July 8, 2025 · Price: $15,000,000 · Grantor: THE IRVIN G HORNER REVOCABLE TRUST · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Parcel number: 703-68-54-33-500-000 · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 8892000 USD
    “Recorded: July 8, 2025 · Price: $8,892,000 · Grantor: ROSENBERGER LAND LLC · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 6912000 USD
    “Recorded: July 8, 2025 · Price: $6,912,000 · Grantor: W S CARNES INC · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Parcel number: 691-68-77-45-200-000 · Address: 4200 MOSELEY RD · City: MOSELEY”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 205000 USD
    “Recorded: July 8, 2025 · Price: $205,000 · Grantor: ECONOMIC DEV AUTHORITY OF CNTY OF C · Grantee: SKYWARD HOLDINGS LLC · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”
    County deed records · July 2025 · grade B
  • Financing: not stated
    “Documented absence: no project financing, lender or capital instrument for Project Skye was found in any source checked; Google self-develops and the land was bought outright from the EDA”
    Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Fixed Tax Rate Agreement (Project Sky), clause verification status: finding, clauses not yet read in the executed Sky text The Sky execution text was not opened in this pass. The rate, term structure, grant-back and ac
    “this Tax Agreement will automatically be cancelled, rendered void, and be of no further force or effect”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Electric service / water agreements, finding: finding, no executed agreement located No electric service agreement, water-supply agreement or performance agreement specific to Project Skye was located or opened in this
    “the need for the second double-circuit line has not yet been fully demonstrated because the planned data center development has only executed an Engineering Letter of Authorization”
    Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Chesterfield Utilities' capital program includes a new tidal Appomattox River water treatment plant: Phase I approx. 20 MGD for approx. $426 million, operational around 2033, inside a $1.7 billion 10-year program. Planni
    “A fourth source on the tidal Appomattox River: Phase I of about 20 MGD for about $426 million, operational around 2033”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Source record
    “Regulators in Virginia have directed the state's primary electric utility, Dominion Energy, to develop a new transmission cost allocation policy for data centers”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • Incentives: Fixed Tax Rate Agreement (Project Sky): data center equipment tax rate locked at $0.24 per $100 of assessed value for up to 30 years, with an EDA grant-back of any increase
    “The 2020 and 2025 agreements lock $0.24 per $100 for 30 years and require the county to rebate any increase via grants”
    News report · June 2025 · grade C
  • Fixed Tax Rate Agreement (Project Sky): rate 0.24 USD per $100 of assessed value
    “The 2020 and 2025 agreements lock $0.24 per $100 for 30 years and require the county to rebate any increase via grants”
    News report · June 2025 · grade C
  • Fixed Tax Rate Agreement (Project Sky): term Up to 30 years (10-year initial term from first certificate of occupancy, plus two automatic 10-year renewals)
    “Skye and Loch rezoned; their 30-year rate locks approved unanimously”
    News report · June 2025 · grade C
  • Fixed Tax Rate Agreement (Project Sky): grant-back / rate protection County grants back, through the EDA, any increase in the data center equipment tax rate above $0.24 per $100 for the remainder of the term; customer ma
    “There are also fixed rate agreements for projects code named Sky and Air”
    News report · June 2025 · grade C
  • Conditions of approval: 25SN1038 proffers: noise no more than 75 dB 6 a.m.-8 p.m. and 65 dB 8 p.m.-6 a.m.; minimum 200-foot buffer around Tract A; 750-foot setback from existing homes along Moseley Road; architectural tr
    “The project's proffers include a minimum 200-foot buffer around Tract A. There would be a 750-foot setback between the project and existing homes”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Virginia Business Ready Sites Program grants of $25 million (Jan 2023, the largest of 21 awards statewide) and a later $13 million award support the county's approx. $51 million program to bring Upper Magnolia Green to T
    “The grant funding is expected to cover about half of the county's $51 million plan to get the Upper Magnolia tech park to achieve a Tier 4 site-readiness designation”
    News report · Jan. 2023 · grade C
Permits and government (25)
  • Clean Water Act Section 404 permit application (joint federal/state): Public notice issued; comment period closed July 28, 2026; decision pending
    “Interested parties are hereby notified that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Norfolk District has received an application for a Department of the Army (DA) permit”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Federal permit application: USACE Norfolk District public notice NAO-2026-00282 / VMRC# 26-0360 - Section 404 permit application for the Project Skye Data Center; comment period closed July 28, 2026; decision pending
    “The applicant is requesting a DA permit to construct five data centers, three substations, parking, roads, utilities, and stormwater management facilities”
    State agency · July 2026 · grade A
  • Clean Water Act Section 404 permit: public notice issued, application pending
    “The Norfolk District will receive written comments on the proposed activity, as outlined above, until July 28, 2026”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Address: South of Genito Road, east of Moseley Road, north of Duval Road, Moseley, Chesterfield County, VA (rezoning site address 4200 Moseley Road)
    “The project/review area is located south of Genito Road, east of Moseley Road, and north of Duval Road”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • state joint permit / Virginia Water Protection Permit: application pending
    “A copy of the application can be found on the Virginia Marine Resources Commission's website”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • coastal zone consistency: applicant concurrence submitted
    “The applicant has submitted concurrence”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Endangered Species Act Section 7: consultation required before decision
    “USACE will complete the required consultation under Section 7 prior to finalizing a permit decision”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • FAA airspace cases within 5 nautical miles: 21 cases
    “2026-AEA-7853-OE Transmission Line Tower 175 ft 576/216 37.51813056,-77.726675 Determined - No Hazard”
    FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Developer: Google
    “At Wednesday's board meeting, Tillman acknowledged that Google purchased two other sites in Chesterfield earlier this year”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors: Case 21SN0676, Upper Magnolia Green West rezoning to I-2 technology village (1,728 acres)
    “The board voted 3-2 to rezone 1,728 acres west of the future Powhite Parkway for use as an employment-generating technology village”
    Local government · May 2022 · grade B
  • Opposition: Magnolia Coalition (resident group) and neighbors; anti-NDA petition with over 2,500 signatures presented at the Jul 22, 2026 Board of Supervisors meeting
    “Members handed a petition that which now has over 2,500 signatures to county officials at the July 22, 2026 Board of Supervisors meeting”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • Organized scrutiny: the Magnolia Coalition circulated a step-by-step federal comment guide for NAO-2026-00282 arguing the Corps should assess all of Google's Virginia applications together rather than one at a time; an a
    “arguing among other things that the Corps should assess all of Google's Virginia applications together instead of one at a time”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors: Residents present anti-NDA petition (over 2,500 signatures); public comment on the Project Skye federal permit comment window closing Jul 28, 2026
    “Members handed a petition that which now has over 2,500 signatures to county officials at the July 22, 2026 Board of Supervisors meeting”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • Google public open houses: Project open houses: Jul 15, 2026 at Brightpoint Community College and Jul 16, 2026 at Cosby High School
    “Google held a first public meeting on July 15 at Brightpoint Community College and scheduled a second meeting on July 16 at Cosby High School”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • air permit (minor new source review): application certification filed
    “a June 2026 air-permit certification form for Skyward Holdings LLC the entity behind Project Skye, listing diesel fired emergency generators, fuel storage tanks and cooling towers”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
  • Chesterfield County Economic Development Authority: Upper Magnolia Green permit and infrastructure progress reported in EDA minutes (Mar 19 and Apr 16, 2026 meetings)
    “EDA minutes reported active grading at Google's Bermuda Hundred site, projected first-building operations in late 2027, and continued permit and infrastructure activity at Upper Magnolia Green”
    News report · April 2026 · grade C
  • Chesterfield's September 2025 zoning overhaul makes data centers conditional uses countywide effective Jan 1, 2026. Skye's proffered by-right rezoning (May 2025) predates the change and is unaffected; the change signals
    “Zoning overhaul adopted: data centers become conditional uses countywide, effective Jan 1, 2026”
    News report · Jan. 2026 · grade C
  • Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors: Google publicly confirmed as the entity behind Project Peanut, Project Skye (Skyward) and Project Loch (Aeris)
    “The relevant passage records an announcement that Google was the entity behind Project Peanut and that Project Loch (Aeris) and Project Skye (Skyward) were also Google”
    News report · Aug. 2025 · grade C
  • Rezoning date: May 28, 2025
    “The Chesterfield Board of Supervisors has approved two rezoning cases that set the stage for data center projects in the western part of the county”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • rezoning: approved (unanimous)
    “For the Upper Magnolia Green site, the EDA filed an application to rezone nearly 980 acres”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors: Case 25SN1038, site-specific data center rezoning, Upper Magnolia Green (approx. 980 acres; Tract A approx. 870 acres data-center-restricted)
    “the board's vote rezoned nearly 980 acres on the property's northern end. Of that, about 870 acres known as Tract A would be restricted to data centers”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • rezoning: recommended approval (unanimous)
    “the EDA filed an application to rezone nearly 980 acres that would facilitate a data center project on the planned technology park's northern end”
    News report · April 2025 · grade C
  • Chesterfield County Planning Commission: Cases 25SN1038 (Upper Magnolia Green) and 25SN1040 (Watkins Centre South), EDA data center rezonings
    “The Planning Commission on Tuesday voted unanimously to recommend approval of requests by the county's Economic Development Authority”
    News report · April 2025 · grade C
  • Rezoning date: May 26, 2022
    “The board voted 3-2 to rezone 1,728 acres west of the future Powhite Parkway for use as an employment-generating technology village”
    News report · May 2022 · grade C
  • rezoning: approved (3-2)
    “The board voted 3-2 to rezone 1,728 acres west of the future Powhite Parkway for use as an employment-generating technology village”
    News report · May 2022 · grade C
Site and other (17)
  • Site location agency: 37.4398, -77.75901 (Deep Creek tributary of the James River; south of Genito Rd, east of Moseley Rd, north of Duval Rd, Chesterfield County)
    “The project/review area is located south of Genito Road, east of Moseley Road, and north of Duval Road; at Latitude 37.4398 and Longitude -77.75901”
    State agency · July 2026 · grade A
  • Name: Google Project Skye (Upper Magnolia Green)
    “The proposed activity, known as Project Skye Data Center”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • Developer: Google
    “to construct a Google mission-critical data center campus, of no less than five data center buildings”
    State agency · June 2026 · grade A
  • County code: 51041
    “Chesterfield County”
    grade B
  • Acres: 848 acres
    “The site encompasses ~848 acres and is located in Chesterfield County, VA”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Current target date: 2029 (first building opening, per Google)
    “Construction of the first building is anticipated to start in 2027, targeting a 2029 opening”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Construction stage: not stated
    “Construction of the first building is anticipated to start in 2027, targeting a 2029 opening”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Water provider: Chesterfield County Department of Utilities
    “Water: Chesterfield County Department of Utilities is the water provider and owns the infrastructure serving Project Peanut”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Aliases: Google Upper Magnolia Green campus; Upper Magnolia Green West technology village
    “an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Operator: Google (self-operated)
    “to work with the Rolls-Royce of data center operators means a lot”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Acres: 880 acres
    “an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land control date: 2025
    “Google purchased two other sites in Chesterfield earlier this year: an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green”
    Local government · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Site acres: 887.7 acres
    “According to the filing, Project Skye will sit on land south of Genito Road, east of Moseley Road, and north of Duval Road. The property spans 887.7 acres.”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Dominion Energy Virginia reports approximately 70 GW of large-load delivery points in its interconnection queue (about 25 GW assigned projected connection dates through end-2031; a further 45 GW under study) under the qu
    “The utility, which serves most of Virginia, said it has approximately 70GW of large-load delivery points (DP) within its interconnection queue”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Water use stated: 1.755
    “Chesterfield's website lists Google's maximum public-water allocations: Skye: 1.755 million gallons per day”
    News report · July 2026 · grade C
  • Acres: 887.7 acres
    “The property spans 887.7 acres”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
  • Current target date: 2031-2033
    “The first phase is slated for completion in 2031, with the following two planned for 2032 and 2033”
    News report · April 2025 · grade C

Imagery and records: Satellite and aerial imagery: Maxar and local aerial photography via Esri World Imagery Wayback. County deeds: ATTOM.