Data center profile · Adamstown, Frederick County, Maryland

Quantum Frederick

2,125-acre Eastalco data center park near Adamstown, Maryland, marketed as 2 GW (press); Aligned, Rowan and Amazon are building, but the county froze further growth.

Part built, expansion frozen. Rowan handed its first building to Amazon in late 2025 (press). On Sept. 14, 2026 the County Executive rejected the owner's development agreement and extended the pause on new applications to Jul. 1, 2027; the owner sued in Oct. 2026.
The campus, Satellite image, May 17, 2025
2 GW
park size as marketed
press; the first Rowan building is 300 MW (press); utility power on record is 240 MW for phase one
18.3M sq ft
data center space the county has approved for the park
the owner offered to cut it to 15M sq ft in a rejected deal
~3.75M sq ft
under construction or complete
owner statement in county papers, Sept. 2026
$2.2B
construction financing raised by Rowan
press; $975M for the first phase, $1.24B for the second
OperatorTPG Real Estate Partners (owner), managed by Catellus Maryland; Aligned and Rowan build on the site
CustomerAmazon Data Services (state air permit at 3250 Digital Drive); Aligned (IAD-04 building); Rowan (developer of three planned buildings)
Planned IT capacity1.6 GW at full build-out (our estimate from the company's 2 GW campus power figure)
First building in serviceOur estimate: 2027 (range 2027 to 2028); company says 2026.
Next deadlineJuly 1, 2027: County pause on new data center applications is set to end
The site

The site from above

Satellite overview
Satellite image, May 17, 2025.
Quarter by quarter

Watch the site change

One clear satellite frame per quarter, April 2024 to October 2026. Drag the slider or press play.

Satellite view of the campus, Oct. 1, 2026

Sentinel-2 satellite, 10 m resolution (coarser than the photos above).
Construction from orbit

What radar sees on the ground

From orbit, radar echoes from walls and steel start climbing in Nov. 2025. The optical (Sentinel-2) series for this campus is not in yet, so there is no roof or clearing reading. That fits our stage: vertical construction.

Construction from orbit: very bright radar echoes, as a share of the site
01234%2023Jul2024Jul2025Jul2026Jul▲ Site work▲ VerticalRadar: bright echoes
01234%2023202420252026▲ Site work▲ VerticalRadar: bright echoes
Radar: 2-month running median. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2023–2026.

How this works: Sentinel-1 radar sees through cloud every 6–12 days. Over the campus outline (about 790 acres) we count the share of very bright radar echoes: walls and steel bounce the signal straight back, so that share rises as buildings go up. Wet ground can lift it for a few weeks, so we read the trend, not single readings. Black ticks mark our stage dates. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, via the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem.

Power

Power and the grid

None energized or contracted yet

Potomac Edison 230 kV substation at the center of the parkPlanned in 2022, substation site plans approved
240 MW
utility figure for the first phase (2022); the yard is designed for up to 1,000 MW; no service agreement on record Company · Oct. 2022
Approved
Backup generators (emergency use, not a power supply)

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. Oct. 2022
    Substation announced
    Potomac Edison plans a 230 kV substation near the center of the park, sized for 240 MW in the first phase and up to 1,000 MW later. Company · Oct. 2022
  2. Aug. 14, 2024
    Substation site plan approved
    The Planning Commission conditionally approves an electric substation on a 7.7-acre area, valid to Aug. 14, 2027. Local government · Aug. 2024
  3. Sept. 20, 2024
    Substation building permits issued
    The county issues permits for substation foundations and a control building (about $0.4M to $1.9M each). Local building-permit records · Sept. 2024
  4. March 12, 2025
    Second substation site plan approved
    The Planning Commission approves an Aligned electric substation site plan. Local government · March 2025
  5. Not set
    Utility service agreement: not on record
    Only the 240 MW first-phase utility figure from 2022 is public; no delivered megawatts or in-service dates for the full park appear. Company · Oct. 2022

Grid upgrades

No grid upgrade for this campus's load is on record. Related grid records in the area:

What is next door

campus0.65 km · 230 kV line2.47 km · substation4.71 km · 500 kV line11.83 km · gas pipelinecampus0.65 km · 230 kV line2.47 km · substation4.71 km · 500 kV line11.83 km · gas pipeline

Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026

Permits

Permits checklist

1 denied · 1 withdrawn · 2 pending · 7 granted

Approvals a campus like this normally needs, and what we found.

Risks

What could slow it down

Lawsuits

3 cases on record

Money

Money on record

$2.2B
construction financing raised by Rowan
press: $975M for the first phase (Jan. 2025) and $1.24B for the second (Feb. 2025), 14 lenders on the second News report · Feb. 2025
$100M
price paid for the Eastalco land
county records show the transfer on Jun. 29, 2021 State agency · Oct. 2026
~$200M
spent securing power, per the owner
statement in the rejected county agreement Local government · Sept. 2026
$100M+
community-benefits package offered to the county
died with the Sept. 14, 2026 rejection; not funded or enforceable Local government · Sept. 2026
>$500M
land sale the owner says collapsed
owner's allegation in its Oct. 2026 suit (press); had been expected to close in July News report · Oct. 2026
$320.3M
Land sale to Rowan Terra LLC, recorded Dec. 2025
Quantum Maryland LLC to Rowan Terra LLC (county deed records) County deed records · Dec. 2025
$158.5M
Land sale to Rowan Frederick LLC, recorded May 2024
Quantum Maryland LLC to Rowan Frederick LLC (county deed records); Rowan's first building site County deed records · May 2024
$37.4M
Land sale to Aligned Data Centers Propco LLC, recorded Sept. 2022
Quantum Maryland LLC to Aligned (county deed records) County deed records · Sept. 2022
Land assembly

6 recorded land documents for the campus company in county records (June 2021 to Dec. 2025); 6 list a price. 1 sale or conveyance by the campus company or to public bodies is not listed. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.

+1 more
Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. Jan. 4, 2021
    Paper trail Quantum Maryland LLC registered in Delaware
  2. June 16, 2021
    Site Quantum Maryland buys 2,125 acres of the former Eastalco aluminum site for about $100M Local government · June 2021
  3. Dec. 15, 2021
    Permits The Planning Commission approves the first preliminary plan and the 18.3M sq ft capacity agreement Local government · Dec. 2021
  4. May 22, 2023
    Paper trail Rowan Frederick LLC registered in Delaware
  5. Oct. 25, 2023
    Power Aligned drops the project after state regulators limit its generators; it returns in 2024 Utility regulator · Oct. 2023
  6. Jan. 30, 2024
    Paper trail Rowan Frederick II LLC registered in Delaware
  7. Feb. 3, 2025
    Construction Aligned announces groundbreaking on its first building News report · Feb. 2025
  8. Feb. 2025
    Money Rowan closes $1.24B of construction financing for its second phase (press) News report · Feb. 2025
  9. May 2025
    Permits Planning Commission approves Rowan's second and third buildings and three more Aligned buildings (press) News report · May 2025
  10. Dec. 2025
    Construction Rowan's first building is turned over to Amazon after base construction finishes (press) News report · Dec. 2025
  11. Dec. 23, 2025
    Money Quantum Maryland sells land to Rowan Terra LLC in a $320.3M deed (county deed records) County deed records · Dec. 2025
  12. Jan. 20, 2026
    Permits County Council enacts the data center overlay zone covering 2,614.9 acres Local government · Jan. 2026
  13. March 25, 2026
    Permits State approves Amazon's air permit for 99 backup generators State agency · March 2026
  14. June 2026
    Legal Maryland's highest court blocks a voter referendum on the overlay zone News report · June 2026
  15. Sept. 14, 2026
    Permits County Executive rejects the owner's development agreement and extends the application pause to Jul. 1, 2027 Local government · Sept. 2026
  16. Oct. 2026
    Legal Quantum Maryland sues the County Executive, the county and the Planning Commission over the pause (press) News report · Oct. 2026
  17. July 1, 2027
    Permits Pause on new data center applications is set to end Local government · Sept. 2026
Construction activity

Building activity by quarter

Since Oct. 2015: 50 building permits (19 issued or finished, 19 pending or open, 12 withdrawn or expired); the largest lists a $400M job value; 11 FAA filings (Jan. 2023 to May 2026): tallest permanent building 87 ft (filed Jan. 2023) and tallest crane 350 ft (Dec. 2025); 8 OSHA inspections; and 13 satellite captures. Job values are not added up: trade permits often repeat the whole project's value. The chart starts in the first quarter of 2021; 1 earlier record is not drawn.

Building permits
FAA filings
OSHA visits
Satellite
’21
’22
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 16. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings

Specs

2,125 acres
bought from Eastalco Aluminum in June 2021
Local government · June 2021
2,614.9 acres
data center overlay zone mapped by the County Council, Jan. 2026
Local government · Jan. 2026
300 MW, four buildings
first Rowan building, 777,150 sq ft (press)
News report · Jan. 2025
450,000 sq ft
Aligned's first building; three more buildings of 1.15M sq ft approved in May 2025 (press)
Local government · May 2023
1.3 million gal/day
cap on combined cooling water for the first phase; Aligned uses no water cooling
News report · May 2025
271 generators
backup diesel units permitted across Aligned (172) and Amazon (99)
State agency · July 2024
Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Owners
  • Quantum Maryland LLC: landowner of record
  • TPG Real Estate Partners: sponsor, took full control in Dec. 2024 (press)
  • Catellus Maryland: TPG's developer-manager
  • Quantum Loophole: original developer, removed by TPG in 2024 (press)
Builders and tenants
  • Rowan Digital Infrastructure: developer of three planned buildings
  • Aligned Data Centers: builder of IAD-04
  • Amazon Data Services: air-permit holder, took over Rowan's first building (press)
Lenders and utility
  • SMBC and MUFG: led Rowan's construction financing (press)
  • Mizuho and TD Securities: lead arrangers on the second phase (press)
  • Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy): utility, planned substation
Decision-makers
  • Frederick County Council and Planning Commission
  • County Executive Jessica Fitzwater
  • Maryland Department of the Environment and Public Service Commission
  • Gov. Wes Moore: statewide review order
Opponents
  • Sugarloaf Alliance and the Frederick County Data Center Referendum Committee
  • Envision Frederick County, CCAN Action Fund, Mobilize Frederick
Builders on site
  • Hitt Contracting, Inc.: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 348288671; 1 OSHA inspection
  • Phoenix Steel Erectors, Inc.: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 348288747; 1 OSHA inspection
  • L. R. Willson & Sons, Inc.: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 348290065
  • Metromont LLC: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 348524240
  • Brothers RC Contractors LLC: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 348805532
  • DMV Building Services LLC: contractor on site per OSHA inspection 347262107
  • and 7 more contractors in the permit and inspection records
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

334 records from 51 documents

Drawn from news reports, state agency records, local government records, business registries, public and commercial datasets, court filings, securities filings, satellite captures, company statements and utility regulator dockets, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 16State agency 14Local government 8Dataset 6Court filing 3SEC filing 2Satellite 1Company 1Utility regulator 1
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (31)
  • ECHO Air 10 mi radius returned 363 facilities with no Quantum Frederick / Aligned record: the MDE air application filed July 1, 2024 (168 diesel gens @ 3000 kW + 4 @ 1000 kW) is [S]-level gold that ECHO Air does not carry.
    “363 facilities in radius”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • 2026-AEA-6439-OE: 251 ft Catenary Wire 'SPAN FROM STR 100 SPLICE TO STR 101' at 39.29357664,-77.51214764; grid infrastructure near the campus, not a data-center crane; status Determined - No Hazard
    “SPAN FROM STR 100 SPLICE TO STR 101 | 251 ft AGL | submitted 06/02/2026”
    FAA · June 2026 · grade A
  • On-site generation: 258
    “Amazon is installing ninety-nine emergency generators with a total maximum electrical output of 258 megawatts”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • On-site generation: 508
    “Aligned is installing one-hundred and seventy-two emergency generators with a total maximum electrical output of 508 megawatts”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Address: 3250 Digital Drive, Frederick MD 21703 (Amazon BWI-150..153)
    “approving an air quality permit for Amazon Data Services, Inc., authorizing the installation of emergency backup generators for a new data center campus located at 3250 Digital Drive in Frederick”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Backup generators: 99 units
    “the 99 diesel-fired emergency generators are strictly prohibited from operating as the primary power source for the data center or participating in demand response programs”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • 2026-AEA-59-OE: 197 ft Transmission Line Tower 'Lovettsville-Doubs STR 248' at 39.29956667,-77.538875; grid infrastructure near the campus, not a data-center crane; status Determined - No Hazard
    “Lovettsville-Doubs STR 248 | 197 ft AGL | submitted 01/22/2026”
    FAA · Jan. 2026 · grade A
  • 2026-AEA-58-OE: 191 ft Transmission Line Tower 'Lovettsville-Doubs STR 249' at 39.2996,-77.53596944; grid infrastructure near the campus, not a data-center crane; status Determined - No Hazard
    “Lovettsville-Doubs STR 249 | 191 ft AGL | submitted 01/22/2026”
    FAA · Jan. 2026 · grade A
  • Acres: 151 acres
    “Critical Digital Infrastructure Electric Substation located on a 7.7-acre project area, within a 151.17-acre parcel”
    Local government · Aug. 2024 · grade A
  • Backup generators: 172 units
    “168 emergency generators, each equipped with a diesel fired engine rated at 3,000-kilowatts, and each controlled by a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system; and four (4) emergency generators rated at 1,000-kilowatts”
    State agency · July 2024 · grade A
  • PJM 2023 Load Forecast APS-zone figure as explained by the Maryland Office of People's Counsel: an additional 799 MW of new load in the APS zone in 2028, which OPC says can reasonably be inferred to sit at Quantum Loopho
    “According to PJM's 2023 Load Forecast, in 2028, there will be an additional 799 MW of new electricity load in the APS zone”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Nearest power line: 230 kV at 0.65 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest 500 kV line: 'Brighton Sub PEPCO to Doubs Sub DOMINION 500KV' at 4.71 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest substation: unnamed at 2.47 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest gas pipeline: Dominion Transmission 'Leidy South Gas Pipeline' at 11.83 km; none within 5 km
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Owner built the QLoop campus-wide fiber network and specialized water/sewer infrastructure for data-center cooling and spent roughly $200M to secure power supply; ~3,754,247 sq ft of the 18.3M sq ft program under constru
    “Owner constructed the unique, campus-wide fiber network... and spent roughly $200 million to secure the necessary power supply”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade B
  • Utility service: 240 MW
    “The 230-kilovolt substation will be located near the center of the Quantum Frederick campus and is expected to support the 240 megawatts of power anticipated for its first phase.”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • Utility service: 1,000 MW
    “The substation yard design will accommodate up to 1,000 megawatts in future phases.”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • Interconnection status: Interconnection study / build-out stage (PJM / Potomac Edison, FirstEnergy): utility-planned 230 kV on-site substation for the first phase, subject to PJM stakeholder review and Maryland PSC / Fre
    “The substation is subject to review by regional transmission organization PJM and its stakeholders”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • large load interconnection request: planning announced; substation and line work subject to PJM stakeholder review and Maryland PSC / Frederick County approval
    “The 230-kilovolt substation will be located near the center of the Quantum Frederick campus and is expected to support the 240 megawatts of power anticipated for its first phase.”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • Substation kV: 230
    “The 230-kilovolt substation will be located near the center of the Quantum Frederick campus and is expected to support the 240 megawatts of power anticipated for its first phase. The substation yard design will accommodate up to 1,000 megawatts in”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • Utility service: 240 MW
    “expected to support the 240 megawatts of power anticipated for its first phase. The substation yard design will accommodate up to 1,000 megawatts in future phases.”
    Company · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • Opposition: Frederick County Data Center Referendum Committee (chair Elizabeth Bauer) + Sugarloaf Alliance, Envision Frederick County, CCAN Action Fund, Mobilize Frederick, Farm Bureau, Landmarks Foundation; petition 24,
    “The petitioners submitted 24,053 signatures. The referendum coalition later reported that 21,029 were validated, and the County Election Director found the petition sufficient.”
    News report · April 2026 · grade C
  • Backup generators: 92 units
    “The filing requests permission to deploy 92 2.75MW generators, six 750kW generators, and one 250kW generator, all supplied by Caterpillar.”
    News report · March 2026 · grade C
  • PJM's supplemental list carries only Allegheny Power (FirstEnergy) equipment work at this campus's 500 kV point-of-interconnection area: S3540.1 replaces the line trap, substation conductor and relaying at Doubs ($6.30M,
    “At Doubs, replace line trap, substation conductor and relaying.”
    Dataset · Dec. 2025 · grade C
  • Stated campus size: 2,000 MW
    “The company is developing a 2,100-acre, 2GW data center park for other developers to build data centers in.”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
  • On-site generation: 508 MW
    “The Maryland Department of the Environment also granted a construction permit to Aligned on Jan. 30, allowing the company to build 172 emergency diesel generators... 168 three-megawatt generators and four one-megawatt generators, a combined total power capacity of 508 megawatts.”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Buildings: 4 buildings
    “Known as Bauxite I, the 300MW site will total four single-story buildings across 777,150 sq ft (72,200 sqm).”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Square feet: 777150 sq ft
    “the 300MW site will total four single-story buildings across 777,150 sq ft”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Stated campus size: 300 MW
    “Known as Bauxite I, the 300MW site”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Backup generators: 42 units
    “In May 2023, Aligned received conditional site-plan approval from the Frederick County Planning Commission to build a data center with 42 diesel backup generators.”
    News report · May 2023 · grade C
Money and contracts (31)
  • Md parcel transfer: $100,000,000 consideration, transfer date June 29, 2021
    “CONSIDR1 $100,000,000 and TRADATE 20210629 match the June 2021 Alcoa sale of Eastalco to the Quantum Loophole/TPG JV”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): status: rejected County Executive rejected Catellus's DRRA application Sep 14, 2026; benefits package is NOT secured funding or an enforceable comm
    “On September 14, County Executive Fitzwater rejected the application for a Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement sought by Catellus for the Frederick Digital Campus in Adamstown.”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • County Executive rejected Catellus's DRRA application for the Frederick Digital Campus and signed an executive order extending the application pause to Jul 1, 2027; the ~$110M community-benefits package died with the app
    “On September 14, County Executive Fitzwater rejected the application for a Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement sought by Catellus for the Frederick Digital Campus in Adamstown.”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): petition filed over $100,000,000 monetary benefits per draft text; $110M package as publicly announced USD
    “On September 1, 2026, Owner petitioned the County Executive to enter into this Agreement... which included a package of Enhanced Public Benefits... totaling over One Hundred Million Dollars ($100,000,000) of direct monetary investments”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): density reduction 18,300,000 -> 15,000,000 sq ft
    “Owner has agreed... i) reduce the density of the Frederick Digital Campus from 18,300,000 to 15,000,000 square feet”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): community benefit line items Carroll Manor Elementary renovations $30M; Adamstown Regional Park $30M (37.7 ac); Workforce Development Training Cent
    “Fund the design and construction for renovations to Carroll Manor Elementary School ($30,000,000); Fund the design and construction of improvements to... establish an Adamstown Regional Park ($30,000,000)”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): land dedication / conservation Up to 228 acres dedicated for Community Benefit Areas; ~433 acres Tuscarora Stream Valley conservation easement (per
    “transfer, dedicate, and/or convey up to 228 acres of land... subject approximately 433 acres of the Property... to conservation easement(s) that establish a permanent nature reserve”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Development Rights and Responsibilities Agreement (PROPOSED - REJECTED): zoning freeze term 8 years, extendable up to 5 years (County Code 1-25-12) years
    “legally establish the terms and conditions upon which the Frederick Digital Campus will develop over the next eight (8) years, as the same may be extended for up to five (5) years pursuant to 1-25-12 of the County Code”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Tenant operator: Amazon Data Services, Inc. (permitted operator of the 3250 Digital Drive facility, buildings BWI150-BWI153)
    “FINAL DETERMINATION CONCERNING A PERMIT-TO-CONSTRUCT APPLICATION SUBMITTED BY AMAZON DATA SERVICES, INC. FOR THEIR PROPOSED FREDERICK, MARYLAND DATA CENTER CAMPUS”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Aligned rejected PSC provisional order (70 MW cap) and exited the project; returned May 2024 after the Critical Infrastructure Streamlining Act (SB474) reclassified backup generation; MDE application Jul 1, 2024; groundb
    “Aligned does not accept the provisional exemption and, instead, will not proceed with its planned mission critical data center project.”
    Utility regulator · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • Square feet: 450000 sq ft
    “The Applicant is requesting Site Plan approval to construct a 450,000 SF gross floor area Critical Digital Infrastructure Facility on a 74.89-acre property”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • APFO Letter of Understanding: scope of approved development 18,300,000 sq ft data-center development; water ~5.3 MGD; sewer ~2.8 MGD; 3,317 vehicle trips/day sq ft / MGD
    “APFO LOU means the Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance Letter of Understanding A266569, which was previously approved on December 15, 2021... which permit the construction of 18,300,000 square feet of data-center development, utilizing water capacity of approximately 5.3 million gallons per”
    Local government · Dec. 2021 · grade A
  • Quantum Loophole, Inc. (CIK 1811035) is an EDGAR filer: Form D filed July 9, 2021 reports $25,291,492 sold (first sale June 23, 2021); Form D filed May 12, 2020 reports $3,050,000 sold. Sponsor-entity Reg D sales, not campus-sp
    “entityName Quantum Loophole, Inc.; totalAmountSold 25291492; dateOfFirstSale 2021-06-23”
    SEC filing · July 2021 · grade A
  • Land control date: June 16, 2021 (Quantum Maryland LLC purchased 2,125 acres from Eastalco Aluminum Company)
    “On June 16, 2021, Owner purchased the 2,125 acres of land shown and described on Exhibit A to this Agreement from Eastalco Aluminum Company”
    Local government · June 2021 · grade A
  • Quantum Maryland LLC purchased 2,125 acres (Eastalco Property) from Eastalco Aluminum Company; Alcoa announced ~$100M sale to Quantum Loophole-TPG JV (Jun 23-28, 2021)
    “On June 16, 2021, Owner purchased the 2,125 acres of land... from Eastalco Aluminum Company”
    Local government · June 2021 · grade A
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 320321600 USD
    “Recorded: Dec. 23, 2025 · Price: $320,321,600 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: ROWAN TERRA LLC · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”
    County deed records · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 99400750 USD
    “Recorded: Aug. 6, 2025 · Price: $99,400,750 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: ROWAN FREDERICK III LLC · Parcel number: 01-000152 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · Aug. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: June 16, 2025 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: FREDERICK COUNTY · Parcel number: 01-605688 · Address: 5690 HAPPY LANDING RD · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · June 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 180765875 USD
    “Recorded: Feb. 19, 2025 · Price: $180,765,875 · Mortgage1amount: 123733912 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: ROWAN FREDERICK II LLC · Parcel number: 01-607700 · Address: 3300 RADIANT WAY · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 158476391 USD
    “Recorded: May 14, 2024 · Price: $158,476,391 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: ROWAN FREDERICK LLC · Parcel number: 01-607167 · Address: 3250 DIGITAL DR # A · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · May 2024 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 37445000 USD
    “Recorded: Sept. 29, 2022 · Price: $37,445,000 · Grantor: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Grantee: ALIGNED DATA CENTERS PROPCO LLC · Parcel number: 01-005383 · Address: 5631 MANOR WOODS RD · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · Sept. 2022 · grade B
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 100000000 USD
    “Recorded: June 29, 2021 · Price: $100,000,000 · Grantor: EASTALCO ALUMINUM COMPANY · Grantee: QUANTUM MARYLAND LLC · Parcel number: 01-602350 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · City: FREDERICK”
    County deed records · June 2021 · grade B
  • Tenants: Rowan Digital Infrastructure; Aligned Data Centers; Amazon Data Services / AWS (BWI-150, BWI-151, BWI-152, BWI-153)
    “According to the permit, Amazon is developing four buildings - BWI-150, BWI-151, BWI-152, and BWI-153 - at 3250 Digital Drive in Frederick.”
    News report · March 2026 · grade C
  • Tenant status: Amazon took over Rowan's Bauxite I after base construction completed late 2025; Rowan remains property steward; Amazon AZ expected to open 2026
    “Bauxite I was developed by Rowan Digital Infrastructure and was turned over to Amazon after base construction completed late last year.”
    News report · March 2026 · grade C
  • Amazon took over Bauxite I from Rowan after base construction completed late 2025; Rowan remains steward of the property and core electrical infrastructure with an on-site team
    “Bauxite I was developed by Rowan Digital Infrastructure and was turned over to Amazon after base construction completed late last year. Rowan continues to serve as a steward of the property and its core electrical infrastructure”
    News report · Dec. 2025 · grade C
  • Square feet: 1149000 sq ft
    “Buildings 2, 3 and 4 total 1.15-million square feet. The commission approved the submitted plan unanimously”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • APFO water allocation: Phase 1 cooling water cap 1.3 MGD combined Phase 1 cooling demand
    “According to the Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance (APFO) agreement signed between Quantum Frederick and the county, the first phase of development on the site is limited to projects whose total combined cooling water demand does not exceed 1.3 million gallons”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Square feet: 822620 sq ft
    “Bauxite II will span 822,620 sq ft (76,400 sqm) on an 111.5-acre site, while Bauxite III will span 591,913 sq ft (54,990 sqm) on a 55-acre site”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
  • Square feet: 591913 sq ft
    “Bauxite III will span 591,913 sq ft (54,990 sqm) on a 55-acre site”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
  • Rowan closed $1.24B construction financing for Bauxite II (phase 2): SMBC + MUFG co-structuring agents; SMBC, MUFG, Mizuho, TD Securities coordinating lead arrangers / joint bookrunners; 14 lenders; secondary syndication
    “The financing was led by Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) and MUFG Bank, Ltd. (MUFG) as co-structuring agents... Fourteen lenders took part in the financing”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C
  • Rowan closed $975M construction financing for Bauxite I (MUFG, SMBC, Mizuho among lenders)
    “The company secured $975 million in financing to fund Bauxite I's build-out last month. MUFG, SMBC, and Mizuho were also involved in that financing.”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
Permits and government (104)
  • L. R. WILLSON & SONS, INC. - OSHA Planned inspection at 3363 BALLENGER CREEK PIKE, FREDERICK, MD 21703, opened June 4, 2025 (activity 348290065); NAICS 238120. OSHA issued 5 citation item(s) (O, S) under this inspection, c
    “R; WILLSON & SONS, INC.”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Md parcel acres: 324.01 deeded acres (POLYACRES 796.29)
    “ACRES 324.01; polygon acres 796.29; zoning GI (General Industrial); owner name not carried, owner mailing address 20251 Century Blvd Ste 170, Germantown, MD 20874”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • QUANTUM FREDERICK, 5601 Manor Woods Road, Frederick MD 21703; MD construction st: permit record in radius search
    “QUANTUM FREDERICK; 5601 MANOR WOODS ROAD; FREDERICK MD”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Moratoria: Executive pause on new data center applications ordered Jul 1, 2026 (through Dec 31, 2026); extended Sep 14, 2026 to July 1, 2027; does not stop projects under construction or pre-Jun 17, 2025 approvals
    “On July 1, 2026, County Executive Jessica Fitzwater ordered a pause on new data center development until December 31, 2026... She also signed an Executive Order extending the pause on data center applications until July 1, 2027.”
    Local government · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • County Executive Fitzwater ordered a pause on new data center applications (through Dec 31, 2026), the day after the Supreme Court referendum ruling; pause requires PSC large-load registry proof in development review; do
    “On July 1, 2026, County Executive Jessica Fitzwater ordered a pause on new data center development until December 31, 2026”
    Local government · July 2026 · grade A
  • MDE final determination approving the Amazon Data Services permit-to-construct: : final determination issued (permit-to-construct approved)
    “The Department has made a final determination to issue the permit-to-construct, effective March 25, 2026”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Amazon Data Services application for an additional data center facility in Frede: second permit-to-construct application announced (additional facility, pending)
    “Amazon has submitted an application for an additional data center facility in Frederick, for which the department will schedule a public meeting”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Air quality permit to construct: Final determination - permit effective
    “The Department has made a final determination to issue the permit-to-construct, effective March 25, 2026.”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • MDE ARA final determination effective March 25, 2026 approves Amazon Data Services permit-to-construct for a data center at 3250 Digital Drive (Quantum Frederick campus): 99 emergency generators, 258 MW total maximum output.
    “The Department has made a final determination to issue the permit-to-construct, effective March 25, 2026”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Ordinance 26-01-001 enacted: CDI Overlay Zone mapped at 2,614.9 acres north of Adamstown (Council had expanded the Planning Commission's ~1,600-acre recommendation in Dec 2025); removed 107.45 ac (Parcel 28-E) and added
    “On January 20, 2026, the County Council enacted Ordinance 26-01-001, a comprehensive rezoning ordinance which established and mapped the physical boundaries of the CDI Overlay Zone.”
    Local government · Jan. 2026 · grade A
  • Maryland Dept. of the Environment (public meeting): Amazon Data Services air permit application (99 gensets, Bauxite I / 3250 Digital Drive)
    “Meeting Date: December 8, 2025... The public comment period on the application expired on December 19, 2025.”
    State agency · Dec. 2025 · grade A
  • County Council enacted Bill 25-09: comprehensive CDI regulatory revision; new CDI uses after Nov 1, 2025 must be inside the new Critical Digital Infrastructure Overlay Zone
    “On September 2, 2025, the Frederick County Council enacted Bill 25-09, a comprehensive revision of the regulatory structure applicable to critical digital infrastructure”
    Local government · Sept. 2025 · grade A
  • Site plan: Approved
    “A Site Plan for an electric substation was approved by the Planning Commission on March 12, 2025 (SP277075).”
    Local government · March 2025 · grade A
  • FAA OE/AAA: Determined - No Hazard
    “Crane for Data Center.....continuation of previous FAA permit 2023-AEA-2959-OE”
    FAA · Jan. 2025 · grade A
  • FAA OE/AAA: Determined - No Hazard
    “Crane for Data Center.....continuation of previous FAA permit 2023-AEA-4316-OE”
    FAA · Jan. 2025 · grade A
  • Amazon Data Services, Inc. application for a proposed data center facility at 32: permit-to-construct application received
    “received a permit-to-construct application from Amazon Data Services, Inc. on October 29, 2024 for their proposed data center facility”
    State agency · Oct. 2024 · grade A
  • Site plan: Conditional approval
    “Site plan is valid for a period of three (3) years from the date of Planning Commission approval (August 14, 2027).”
    Local government · Aug. 2024 · grade A
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Bauxite Substation site plan (Quantum Frederick Section 2, Lot 400)
    “Staff recommends... The Applicant shall comply with all Staff and agency comments through the completion of the plan.”
    Local government · Aug. 2024 · grade A
  • Air quality permit to construct (application): Application received
    “received a permit-to-construct application from Aligned Data Centers (MD), Propco, LLC on July 1, 2024 for their proposed IAD04 data center facility”
    State agency · July 2024 · grade A
  • CPCN exemption: Applicant rejected provisional order / withdrew
    “Re: ML No. 302893 - Letter Rejecting Provisional Order... The Commission's October 10th Provisional Order did not present Aligned Data Centers with sufficient relief to permit the project to proceed.”
    Utility regulator · Oct. 2023 · grade A
  • Site plan approval date: May 10, 2023
    “Planning Commission May 10, 2023 - Aligned Data Centers, Quantum Frederick Lot 106, Site Plan”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • Conditions of approval: Conditional approval; site plan valid 3 years (until May 10, 2026); lighting modification to max 1.0 foot-candle at Quantum Place South entrance; parking modification 78 spaces vs 30 required; Fin
    “If the Planning Commission conditionally approves the Site Plan, it is valid for three (3) years (until May 10, 2026).”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • Site plan: Conditional approval
    “If the Planning Commission conditionally approves the Site Plan, it is valid for three (3) years (until May 10, 2026).”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Aligned Data Centers - Quantum Frederick Lot 106 site plan (SP22-04 / SP275110): 450,000 SF CDIF on 74.89 acres
    “If the Planning Commission conditionally approves the Site Plan, it is valid for three (3) years (until May 10, 2026).”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • FAA OE/AAA archive case: Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2023-AEA-4316-OE: IAD04, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 574 ft AMSL, 39.33277778,-77.47777778, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2023-04-03”
    FAA · April 2023 · grade A
  • FAA OE/AAA archive case: Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2023-AEA-2959-OE: IAD04, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 570 ft AMSL, 39.33333334,-77.4725, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2023-03-02”
    FAA · March 2023 · grade A
  • FAA OE/AAA archive case: Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2023-AEA-844-OE: IAD04, Building, 87 ft AGL, 417 ft AMSL, 39.33166667,-77.4725, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2023-01-16”
    FAA · Jan. 2023 · grade A
  • Water use stated: Cooling water from wastewater effluent supply system (Ballenger-McKinney WWTP effluent) or added New Design WTF capacity; potable from New Design Road WTP
    “obtain additional water capacity of remaining (Max Day) from the New Design Water Treatment Facility (NDWTF), or study, design, permit, and construct the wastewater effluent supply system for use as cooling water... effluent from the Ballenger-McKinney WWTP to the Potomac”
    Local government · Dec. 2021 · grade A
  • Planning Commission approved Quantum Frederick Preliminary Plan Section 1 Phases 1-3 (PP266504) and APFO LOU A266569
    “On December 15, 2021, the Planning Commission approved the Preliminary Plan and APFO for Quantum Frederick, Section 1, Phases 1, 2 & 3 (PP266504).”
    Local government · Dec. 2021 · grade A
  • Stormwater construction general permit coverage: Listed (carried from T4 verification)
    “MDG679785 'QUANTUM FREDERICK', 5601 Manor Woods Road [V]”
    Dataset · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Fire: expired
    “Permit number: 494586 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $7,254,926 · Effective date: Aug. 15, 2026 · Business: Bill Charles Saunders · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Bfpe will provide core & shell fire protection as well as an additional 6 phase tenant build-out plan which i”
    Local building-permit records · Aug. 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: expired
    “Permit number: 490539 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $600,000 · Effective date: Aug. 13, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Turner construction trailer complex for the aligned data center project will consist of double wide trailer triple wide trailer”
    Local building-permit records · Aug. 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510615 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510617 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510619 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510620 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510622 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510623 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510624 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510625 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510626 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510627 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510628 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 510629 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $8,416,667 · Effective date: July 23, 2026 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Data center administrative and data hall building out”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Grading: expired
    “Permit number: 494532 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $87,846 · Effective date: July 21, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>pw277278 s1179</div>grading permit associated with proposed improvements (power feed to lot 106).<div>no swm requirement.</d”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Fire: issued
    “Permit number: 509344 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $380,000 · Effective date: July 7, 2026 · Business: Ryan Fireprotection · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Bauxite III building d - core - fire sprinkler fire suppression system per nfpa 13 with fire pump. For building d”
    Local building-permit records · July 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: expired
    “Permit number: 493410 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $257,989 · Effective date: June 4, 2026 · Business: Drew Nicholas · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: This submission is for a 46x60 temporary construction trailer on the quantum loop construction site.<div>”
    Local building-permit records · June 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Fire: filed
    “Permit number: 507930 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $5,700,000 · Effective date: May 27, 2026 · Business: Ryan Fireprotection · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Fire sprinkler fire suppression system per nfpa 13 with fire pump. New construction of a campus of data centers f”
    Local building-permit records · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6392-OE: IAD07 and IAD08, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 582 ft AMSL, 39.33547,-77.47447, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-20”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6393-OE: IAD07 and IAD08, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 569 ft AMSL, 39.33600,-77.47221, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-20”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6390-OE: IAD07 and IAD08 Crane, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 574 ft AMSL, 39.33784,-77.47307, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-20”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2026-AEA-6391-OE: IAD07 and IAD08, Crane, 240 ft AGL, 588 ft AMSL, 39.33747,-77.47570, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-05-20”
    FAA · May 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2025-AEA-10992-OE: IAD06 Mobile Crane, Mobile Crane, 240 ft AGL, 590 ft AMSL, 39.33639,-77.47417, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2026-03-12”
    FAA · March 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: expired
    “Permit number: 491008 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $150,000 · Effective date: March 10, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: 24 x 60 temporary construction trailer for office use. Bs site development trailer.<div>”
    Local building-permit records · March 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Grading: issued
    “Permit number: 503665 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $361,554 · Effective date: March 9, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>permit to cover all phases of project (phases 1-5):</div><div>1 - pw277847 (approved)</div><div>2 - pw277848 (approved)</div”
    Local building-permit records · March 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Tanks: expired
    “Permit number: 490783 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $260,000 · Effective date: Feb. 21, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Install one (1) above ground temporary tank to store groundwater”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2026 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Swm: expired
    “Permit number: 482713 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $200,680 · Effective date: Jan. 14, 2026 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Pw275268 sp2204<div>mj# 482484</div><div>(1) submerged gravel wetland and grass swale”
    Local building-permit records · Jan. 2026 · grade B
  • FAA obstruction evaluation (7460-1): Determined - No Hazard
    “ASN 2025-AEA-13493-OE: CSC 5631 Manor Woods Rd, Frederick, MD, Stationary/Fixed Crane, 350 ft AGL, 682 ft AMSL, 39.33453,-77.47135, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2025-12-08”
    FAA · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • FAA OE/AAA crane filings evidence vertical construction at the campus (former Eastalco site, Manor Woods Rd, Frederick MD): a 350-ft fixed crane inside the outline submitted Dec. 8, 2025, and 240-ft cranes for buildings IA
    “ASN 2025-AEA-13493-OE: CSC 5631 Manor Woods Rd, Frederick, MD, Stationary/Fixed Crane, 350 ft AGL, 682 ft AMSL, 39.33453,-77.47135, Determined - No Hazard, submitted 2025-12-08”
    FAA · Dec. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 500278 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $100,000 · Effective date: Oct. 16, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Temporary (64 x 131') break tent with electric for craft and assembly area for morning stretch and flex. This deck will be inst”
    Local building-permit records · Oct. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: expired
    “Permit number: 485609 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: expired · Job value: $150,000 · Effective date: Sept. 13, 2025 · Business: Jennifer Bohager · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: 24 x 60 temporary construction trailer ( subcontractor )”
    Local building-permit records · Sept. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Elecperm: filed
    “Permit number: 497292 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $88,500,000 · Effective date: July 28, 2025 · Business: JE Richards INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Aligned building 1 electrical permit - core work only - tenant fit out work will need to be on separate permit.<”
    Local building-permit records · July 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Froperm: issued
    “Permit number: 484668 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $100,378 · Effective date: June 23, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Fence & signs plantings eradication<div>”
    Local building-permit records · June 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Pi: issued
    “Permit number: 487071 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $824,102 · Effective date: June 5, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>pw275583 s1179</div>this involves the construction of a traffic circle on manor woods road that connects proposed new quantum pla”
    Local building-permit records · June 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Swm: issued
    “Permit number: 489941 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $348,702 · Effective date: June 5, 2025 · Business: Aligned Data Center; Davis Adl · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>pw275271 s1179</div><div>(1) 378 pond </div>combined swm development and improvement plan for a 45”
    Local building-permit records · June 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Pi: issued
    “Permit number: 489942 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $25,358 · Effective date: June 5, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>pw275271 s1179</div><div>combined swm development and improvement plan for a 450 000 sq-ft critical digital infrastructure buildin”
    Local building-permit records · June 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: filed
    “Permit number: 493624 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $134,000 · Effective date: April 24, 2025 · Business: Suffolk Construction · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Trailer permits for suffolk construction - (1) 50 x 10 temporary construction trailer”
    Local building-permit records · April 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: canceled
    “Permit number: 492730 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: canceled · Job value: $109,646 · Effective date: April 18, 2025 · Business: Henkels & MC COY · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Up to (3) 10 x 40 temporary office trailers and up to (4) 8 x 40 material containers 10 x 40 temporary office t”
    Local building-permit records · April 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Capacity: filed
    “Permit number: 493236 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Effective date: April 15, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Proposed 2-story data center of approximately 447637 sf (218 000 sf footprint) with construction as precast concrete panel walls and f”
    Local building-permit records · April 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: filed
    “Permit number: 492533 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $400,000,000 · Effective date: April 3, 2025 · Business: HKS INC · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Proposed 2-story data center of approximately 447637 sf (218 000 sf footprint) with construction as precast concrete”
    Local building-permit records · April 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Froperm: issued
    “Permit number: 479836 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $200,120 · Effective date: March 13, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Eradication fence & signs plantings and speciman trees<div>quantum frederick- section 2 phase 2</div><div>f276429 s1179”
    Local building-permit records · March 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 490717 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $1,020,500 · Effective date: March 13, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: New 1232 sf pre-fabricated metal building containing electrical control equipment for the new sage substation. The building w”
    Local building-permit records · March 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: issued
    “Permit number: 491198 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $174,000 · Effective date: March 10, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Temporary 60 x 46 8 construction trailer <div>”
    Local building-permit records · March 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: canceled
    “Permit number: 491056 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: canceled · Job value: $175,000 · Effective date: Feb. 21, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Construction trailer 4 wide”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Elecperm: issued
    “Permit number: 490568 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Effective date: Feb. 14, 2025 · Business: David Huska · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Underground utility duct banks and conduit for electrical & telecom services.<div>bld permit # 489730”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 489730 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $11,800,000 · Effective date: Feb. 13, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Foundation-only package of a new 2-story data center. Future proposed building is approximately 447 000 sf (218 000 sf footp”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Capacity: canceled
    “Permit number: 490162 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: canceled · Effective date: Feb. 13, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Foundation-only package of a new 2-story data center. Proposed building is approximately 447, 000 sf (218, 000 sf footprint) with c”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 489564 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $1,773,000 · Effective date: Feb. 7, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: New 1624 sq. Ft. Pre-fabricated metal building containing electrical control equipment for the new sage substation. The build”
    Local building-permit records · Feb. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Trailer: filed
    “Permit number: 490319 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: filed · Job value: $413,099 · Effective date: Jan. 31, 2025 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Trailer permits for suffolk construction - (2) 60 x 36 temporary construction trailer (1) 60 x 24 temporary construction trailer (”
    Local building-permit records · Jan. 2025 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 485395 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $556,713 · Effective date: Sept. 20, 2024 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Foundations for a substation encompassing 330 x 430. The scope of work includes slab foundations drilled piers and pillars. Se”
    Local building-permit records · Sept. 2024 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 485398 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $374,101 · Effective date: Sept. 20, 2024 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Foundations for a substation encompassing 330 x 430. The scope of work includes slab foundations drilled piers and pillars. Se”
    Local building-permit records · Sept. 2024 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Nonresbldg: issued
    “Permit number: 485736 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $1,895,422 · Effective date: Sept. 20, 2024 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Rowan - control enclosure building associated with substation”
    Local building-permit records · Sept. 2024 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Froperm: issued
    “Permit number: 441856 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $319,359 · Effective date: Jan. 4, 2023 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>***plan has been revised. See plan f2777817 for latest revision (10.1.2025). The clock will have to start over to meet the f”
    Local building-permit records · Jan. 2023 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Pi: issued
    “Permit number: 436351 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $91,270 · Effective date: Jan. 3, 2023 · Business: Rodgers Consulting INC Yellow · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>pw271137 s1179”
    Local building-permit records · Jan. 2023 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Froperm: issued
    “Permit number: 429764 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: issued · Job value: $238,982 · Effective date: Oct. 11, 2022 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>***fro plans have been revised under f277298***</div><div>eradication fence & signs plantings and specimen trees”
    Local building-permit records · Oct. 2022 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Froperm: canceled
    “Permit number: 428451 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: canceled · Job value: $238,982 · Effective date: Sept. 29, 2022 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: <div>eradication fence & signs plantings and speciman trees”
    Local building-permit records · Sept. 2022 · grade B
  • building permit: Buildingapplication / Demolition: complete
    “Permit number: 96702 · Type: Buildingapplication · Status: complete · Job value: $10,000,000 · Effective date: Oct. 23, 2015 · Address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD · Description: Phase 2 demolition (phase 1 was under #91754) for remaining plant buildings. No buildings to remain. Highlighted areas on p”
    Local building-permit records · Oct. 2015 · grade B
  • Gov. Moore signed Executive Order 01.01.2026.16: statewide review framework for data center campuses >= 25 MW peak demand (task force, written determinations, public dashboard) - state-level signal affecting this campus'
    “On September 23, Gov. Wes Moore signed Executive Order 01.01.2026.16, creating a statewide review framework for data-center facilities or campuses with projected or actual peak demand of at least 25 megawatts”
    News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
  • Referendum petition certified sufficient by Frederick County Board of Elections: 24,053 signatures submitted, 21,029 validated vs 15,611 required (7% of registered voters)
    “On April 3, the Frederick County Board of Elections certified the petition as sufficient and approved the ballot question.”
    News report · April 2026 · grade C
  • Site plan: Approved (unanimous)
    “The commission approved the submitted plan unanimously on Wednesday with the following additions: a 22-foot-tall concrete wall enclosing Building 3”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Site plan: Approved 6-0-0
    “Bauxite II covers 822,620 sq ft (76,400 sqm) across a 111.5-acre site and received a unanimous 6-0-0 approval.”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Site plan: Approved 5-0-1
    “The vote on Bauxite III was the same as the vote on Bauxite II, except that Sepe abstained.”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Aligned Buildings 2-4 site plan (adds 1,149,000 sq ft)
    “The commission approved the submitted plan unanimously on Wednesday with the following additions: a 22-foot-tall concrete wall enclosing Building 3”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Rowan Bauxite II site plan (822,620 sq ft, 111.5 acres)
    “Bauxite II covers 822,620 sq ft (76,400 sqm) across a 111.5-acre site and received a unanimous 6-0-0 approval.”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Rowan Bauxite III site plan (591,913 sq ft, 55 acres)
    “The vote on Bauxite III was the same as the vote on Bauxite II, except that Sepe abstained.”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Air quality permit to construct: Permit granted
    “The Maryland Department of the Environment also granted a construction permit to Aligned on Jan. 30, allowing the company to build 172 emergency diesel generators.”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Site plan: Conditional approval
    “received unanimous approval (5-0) from the Frederick County Planning Commission to develop the 300MW facility in January... four single-story buildings totaling 777,150 sq ft (72,200 sqm) across 151 acres”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Frederick County Planning Commission: Rowan Bauxite I site plan (300 MW, 4 buildings, 777,150 sq ft, 151 acres)
    “received unanimous approval (5-0) from the Frederick County Planning Commission to develop the 300MW facility in January”
    News report · Jan. 2025 · grade C
  • Maryland Dept. of the Environment (public meeting): Draft air quality permit - Aligned Data Centers (172 emergency generators)
    “A public comment meeting on the Maryland Department of the Environment's (MDE) draft permit for Aligned will be held on Dec. 11 at 6 p.m. at Carroll Manor Elementary School.”
    News report · Dec. 2024 · grade C
  • Air quality permit to construct (application): Application filed
    “Amazon Data Services applied for the permit in October 2024 to install the emergency backup generators at a planned data center site - named Bauxite I”
    News report · Oct. 2024 · grade C
  • CPCN exemption: Provisional order (70 MW cap)
    “On Oct. 10, the commission issued a provisional order granting Aligned a provisional exemption to install diesel generators with a total combined capacity of 70 megawatts”
    News report · Oct. 2023 · grade C
  • CPCN exemption: Denied (unanimous)
    “The Commission treats the fleet as an aggregate 504-megawatt generating station, denies the initial request... Maryland PSC annual report - PSC Order No. 90830”
    News report · Aug. 2023 · grade C
  • MD PSC unanimously denied Aligned's CPCN exemption for 168 gensets (treated as one 504 MW generating station)
    “The Commission treats the fleet as an aggregate 504-megawatt generating station, denies the initial request”
    News report · Aug. 2023 · grade C
  • CPCN exemption application: Filed
    “On May 12, Aligned applied to the Public Service Commission asking to be exempt from getting a certificate of public convenience and necessity (CPCN).”
    News report · May 2023 · grade C
Legal (5)
  • Lawsuits: Referendum: Circuit Court C-10-CV-26-000309 (Bonifant J.) ruled Jun 18, 2026 ordinance not referendable; Supreme Court of MD Case No. 0067 affirmed Jun 30, 2026, opinion Jul 24, 2026. Sugarloaf Alliance v. Fred
    “Sugarloaf Alliance, Inc. v. Frederick County, Maryland, No. 32, September Term, 2025... Filed: July 14, 2026”
    Court filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Sugarloaf Alliance, Inc. v. Frederick County, SCOM No. 32 (Sept Term 2025), filed Jul 14, 2026: MPIA attorneys' fees ($25,000 award held an abuse of discretion; Gould, J., dissenting). The underlying MPIA case (C-10-CV-2
    “The Majority holds that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding Sugarloaf Alliance, Inc. $25,000 in attorneys' fees.”
    Court filing · July 2026 · grade A
  • Circuit Court for Frederick County (Bonifant, J., C-10-CV-26-000309) ruled Ordinance 26-01-001 is not subject to referendum and the petition was deficient (black-and-white maps did not reproduce the ordinance's color map
    “the circuit court agreed, finding both that the CDI Ordinance was not a 'law' subject to referendum under the Charter and that the petition's reproduction of the ordinance was insufficient”
    Court filing · June 2026 · grade A
  • Quantum Maryland LLC sued Fitzwater, Frederick County and the Planning Commission in Frederick County Circuit Court: alleges the pause exceeded executive authority and was election-driven; a >$500M land transaction expec
    “Quantum also alleges that Fitzwater overstepped her authority by suspending a council-approved zoning ordinance that governs the site.”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Supreme Court of Maryland (per curiam order, Case No. 0067, Sept 2025 Term) affirmed: zoning ordinances are not subject to referendum under the Frederick County Charter; full opinion filed Jul 24, 2026 (Fader, C.J.)
    “The Supreme Court of Maryland has released its full opinion explaining its decision on June 30 to not allow a voter referendum on the ordinance that created Frederick County's new data center zone.”
    News report · June 2026 · grade C
Site and other (10)
  • Md parcel address: 5601 MANOR WOODS RD, Frederick, MD 21703
    “Parcel ADDRESS field is '5601 MANOR WOODS RD', the gold campus address; legal description 'S/S MANOR WOODS RD, E/NEW DESIGN RD'”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Facility address amazon: 3250 Digital Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
    “The data center facility will be located at 3250 Digital Drive in Frederick, Maryland 21703 in Frederick County”
    State agency · March 2026 · grade A
  • Address: 5601 Manor Woods Road, Frederick MD 21703
    “The IAD04 data center facility will be located at 5601 Manor Woods Road in Frederick, Maryland 21703 in Frederick County.”
    State agency · July 2024 · grade A
  • Parcel IDs: Tax Map 94, Parcel 71, Lot 106 (Aligned Lot 106)
    “MAP/PARCEL: Tax Map 94, Parcel 71, Lot 106”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • Acres: 74.89 acres
    “construct a 450,000 SF gross floor area Critical Digital Infrastructure Facility on a 74.89-acre property”
    Local government · May 2023 · grade A
  • Sponsor form d amount sold: 25291492
    “<totalAmountSold>25291492</totalAmountSold> <entityName>Quantum Loophole, Inc.</entityName>”
    SEC filing · July 2021 · grade A
  • Sponsor form d amount sold 2020: 3050000
    “<totalAmountSold>3050000</totalAmountSold>”
    SEC filing · May 2020 · grade A
  • Facility address amazon 2: 3300 Radiant Way, Frederick, MD 21703 (Bauxite II, phase "Amazon 2": five buildings; Frederick County site plans SP276740 / SP278472, Lots 301/302, county acct 01607698)
    “This site plan application is for a Bauxite 2 campus 3300 RADIANT WAY expansion. A portion of Lot 301 will be incorporated into Lot 302”
    Local government · Jan. 2026 · grade B
  • Water use stated: APFO Phase 1 combined cooling demand cap 1.3 MGD; Bauxite I 392,000 gpd; Bauxite II 392,000 gpd; Bauxite III 297,000 gpd (total 1.081 MGD); Aligned uses no water cooling gpd/MGD
    “the first phase of development on the site is limited to projects whose total combined cooling water demand does not exceed 1.3 million gallons per day... Bauxite I and Bauxite II will each require 392,000 gallons of water per day”
    News report · May 2025 · grade C
  • Groundbreaking date: Feb. 2025 (Aligned IAD-04 groundbreaking announced Feb 3, 2025; ceremonial groundbreaking Dec 2024)
    “Aligned's LinkedIn post on Feb. 3 announcing the groundbreaking said the data center under construction is called IAD-04.”
    News report · Feb. 2025 · grade C

Imagery and records: Satellite imagery: Maxar via Esri World Imagery Wayback; Sentinel-2 (ESA Copernicus). County deeds and building permits: ATTOM.