Data center profile · 1626 County Line Rd, Ridgeland, Madison County, Mississippi

Amazon Ridgeland

Amazon's operating data-center campus in Ridgeland, Mississippi, served by Entergy under a confidential power contract, with an $11B Madison County expansion and a new Entergy gas plant next door

Buildings up; in service not confirmed. The first four buildings were judged in service in May 2026 from site observation, and a tracker puts power use near 228 MW. Amazon's contracted megawatts are not public; 1,060 MW of generators on record are diesel backup, not supply.
$11B
Madison County expansion announced Apr. 2026
state announcement; covers both county campuses, with 700 new jobs
1,060 MW
backup generator capacity (391 diesel units)
emergency backup under an air permit, not power supply
228 MW
current power, third-party tracker (Sept. 2026)
tracker estimate; full build estimated near 1,008 MW by Sept. 2028
93M gal
water a year at full buildout
county brochure; groundwater about 30 days a year per Amazon
OperatorAmazon Data Services (Amazon Web Services)
CustomerAmazon itself; one tracker lists Anthropic, which no primary source confirms
Planned IT capacity840 MW at full build-out (our estimate)
First building in serviceOur estimate: 2027 (range 2026 to 2027).
Next deadlineMarch 2027: Schools and the city begin receiving Amazon fee-in-lieu tax payments (first quarter of 2027)
Power

Power and the grid

Energized, size not disclosed

Sources on record, size not disclosed
Backup generators (emergency use, not a power supply)
Related generation and energy contracts (context, not added to campus supply)

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. Sept. 17, 2024
    Substation construction begins
    Entergy opens construction coverage for the Cosmos Substation on West County Line Road. State agency · Oct. 2026
  2. Jan. 12, 2026
    Substation complete
    The construction permit coverage ends, which marks construction complete. see Permits
  3. April 9, 2026
    Entergy says Amazon pays for upgrades
    Entergy's CEO says Amazon must cover all substation and transmission upgrades going forward. News report · Oct. 2026
  4. Oct. 13, 2026
    Gas plant permit before the board
    The state permit board scheduled the Traceview plant permit for Oct. 13, 2026; no outcome was published.

Backup generators on file

Emergency units only; they are not a power supply for the campus.

Permits

Permits checklist

1 pending · 4 granted · 1 checked, nothing on file

The zoning vote often cited here was for the neighboring Entergy gas plant, not Amazon's buildings. Below is what is on record for each.

Risks

What could slow it down

Money

Money on record

$11B
expansion announced Apr. 2026
Madison County total; the first announcement in Jan. 2024 was $10B for two industrial parks State agency · Oct. 2026
~$230M
county tax revenue expected over six years
both Madison County campuses, per the county's economic development attorney (July 2026) News report · Oct. 2026
$215M
state infrastructure loan to the county
about half of the county's tax revenue repays it News report · Oct. 2026
$292M vs $69M
per-building value: county assessor vs Amazon (Canton campus)
board upheld the assessor Aug. 17, 2026; the same method will set Ridgeland payments News report · Oct. 2026
$2B
customer bill savings Entergy projects over two decades
company claim; cannot be checked against the confidential contract Company · Oct. 2026
Land assembly

2 recorded land documents for the campus company in county records (Aug. 2024); none lists a price. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.

Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. Jan. 25, 2024
    Money State announces Amazon Web Services will invest $10B in two Madison County industrial parks State agency · Jan. 2024
  2. Aug. 12, 2024
    Money Land purchase recorded (no price on the deed): Ridgway to Amazon Data Services Inc and Amazoncom Inc (1 parcel) County deed records · Aug. 2024
  3. Sept. 17, 2024
    Power Entergy begins building the Cosmos Substation on West County Line Road State agency · Oct. 2026
  4. April 2025
    Permits Ridgeland approves the neighboring Entergy gas plant site, overriding its zoning board News report · Oct. 2026
  5. June 10, 2025
    Permits Entergy files the air permit application for the 750 MW Traceview plant State agency · Oct. 2026
  6. Jan. 12, 2026
    Power Cosmos Substation construction complete State agency · Oct. 2026
  7. April 9, 2026
    Money Amazon and the Governor announce an $11B Madison County expansion State agency · Oct. 2026
  8. May 15, 2026
    Site Buildings 1 to 4 reported operational
  9. July 14, 2026
    Permits Public hearing on the Traceview air permit; 19 parties comment State agency · Oct. 2026
  10. Sept. 15, 2026
    Power Tracker lists the campus as operating at about 228 MW
  11. Oct. 2, 2026
    Site Amazon announces national commitments to annual public reporting of energy and water use (not specific to this campus) News report · Oct. 2026
  12. March 2027
    Money Schools and the city start receiving fee-in-lieu tax payments News report · Oct. 2026
The buildings

Specs

4 buildings
judged operational from site observation in May 2026; five more across both county campuses expected online in 2026
30 years
term of the county fee-in-lieu tax agreements
700 jobs
new jobs from the $11B expansion, per the Governor
Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Owners and developers
  • Amazon Data Services: permit holder and operator
  • Amazon Web Services: investing entity in the state announcement
  • Madison County Economic Development Authority: county partner and filer of the gas-plant site permit
Power
  • Entergy Mississippi: serving utility and applicant for the Traceview gas plant
Government
  • Mississippi Development Authority and Major Economic Impact Authority: state incentives and infrastructure aid
  • Madison County Board of Supervisors: tax agreements and valuation appeals
  • Ridgeland Board of Aldermen: local approvals
Customer (unconfirmed)
  • Anthropic: listed by one tracker only; no primary source confirms it
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

103 records from 24 documents

Drawn from news reports, state agency records, public and commercial datasets, company statements, local government records and utility regulator dockets, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 13State agency 6Dataset 3Company 2Local government 1Utility regulator 1
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (21)
  • County code: Madison County, MS (28089)
    “Traceview Advanced Power Station, located at 1972 W County Line Road, in Ridgeland, MS, (Madison County)”
  • Developer: Amazon Data Services, Inc.
    “expressing concern that a nearby Amazon Data Services facility (Air Permit No. 1720-00099) was not accounted for in the cumulative source impacts modeling analysis”
  • Utility service: not stated
    “Any agreement, including any amendments or renewals, and its terms, including all charges for electrical service, shall constitute a trade secret and confidential commercial and financial information”
  • Power plan: grid
    “A public utility may enter into a large customer supply and service agreement with a customer”
  • Its capacity is never campus mw generation onsite; the campus's only on-site generation is the permitted 391-unit emergency diesel fleet (1,060 MW).
    “Entergy Mississippi, LLC proposes to construct a Greenfield “on-the-grid” natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant that will nominally generate 750 megawatts (MW) of electrical power”
  • The Traceview PSD record drew 30 written public comments (16 requesting a hearing) and 19 parties commented at the Jul 14, 2026 hearing, the organized opposition record attached to the plant that serves this campus's lo
    “MDEQ received thirty (30) written comments expressing various concerns regarding the proposed project”
  • Entergy's Cosmos Substation (West County Line Road, Ridgeland) was built under MDEQ construction coverage MSR109373, Sep 17, 2024 – Jan 12, 2026 (coverage terminated = construction complete). The record does not name the
    “MSR109373 | Entergy Mississippi, Inc., Cosmos Substation | GP-Construction | 09/17/2024 | 01/12/2026”
  • Substation: Cosmos Substation (Entergy Mississippi)
    “MSR109373 | Entergy Mississippi, Inc., Cosmos Substation | GP-Construction | 09/17/2024 | 01/12/2026”
  • Utility: Entergy Mississippi, LLC
    “Entergy Mississippi's commitment to meeting long-term power requirements was a key factor in the company's decision to continue its expansion”
  • On-site generation: 1,060 MW
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road holds Permit No. 1720-00099 authorizing 391 diesel-fired emergency generators with a total capacity of 1060 MW”
  • Stated campus size: not stated
    “a planned $11 billion expansion of the company's existing data center operations in Madison County, a project that will create 700 new jobs”
  • Backup generators: 391 units
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road holds Permit No. 1720-00099 authorizing 391 diesel-fired emergency generators with a total capacity of 1060 MW”
  • Entergy's position: its planned grid investments will support Amazon's expansion while strengthening reliability statewide, and Amazon's investments are projected to generate at least $2B in customer bill savings over th
    “Entergy Mississippi's planned grid investments will support Amazon's expansion while strengthening reliability for customers across the 45 counties we serve”
  • Backup generators: 391 units
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road holds Permit No. 1720-00099 authorizing 391 diesel-fired emergency generators with a total capacity of 1060 MW.”
  • Entergy Mississippi MISO ERAS Study Cycle 2 filings (submitted August 6, 2025): total load growth projected is 1,000-1,300 MW at peak demand, driven by overall load growth including hyperscale data centers, all located i
    “The total load growth projected is 1,000 – 1,300 MW at peak demand”
  • Source record
    “residential customers have paid roughly $38 million for transmission lines and other infrastructure linked to Amazon's facilities”
  • Entergy Mississippi President/CEO Haley Fisackerly stated (Apr 9, 2026) that Amazon is required to cover all substation and transmission upgrades needed to power its data centers going forward, and that the improvements
    “the company is required to cover all substation and transmission upgrades needed to power its data centers moving forward”
  • Madison County brochure hosted by the City of Ridgeland: at full buildout the Ridgeland campus is expected to use 93 million gallons of water per year (less than 3% of annual utility capacity), relying on natural air coo
    “At full buildout, the annual water use at the Ridgeland campus is expected to be 93 million gallons per year”
  • Amazon announced national commitments including annual public reporting of energy and water usage and eliminating nondisclosure agreements with government agencies involved in its projects (Clarion Ledger, Oct 2, 2026).
    “The commitments include annual public reporting of energy and water usage, eliminating nondisclosure agreements with government agencies involved in projects”
  • Interconnection status: energized, Entergy Mississippi service under a special contract executed pursuant to Miss. SB 2001 (2024 special session); agreement classified a trade secret and exempt from PSC pre-approval; no
    “The law classifies the entire deal as a "trade secret," preventing Mississippians from reviewing its terms or the rates negotiated between the two parties.”
  • Entergy portfolio claim (Mar 2026, all Entergy Mississippi data center projects, Ridgeland, Canton, Clinton, Vicksburg, not Ridgeland alone): Mississippi customers will save more than $2 billion on power bills due to d
    “Entergy announced in March that customers in Mississippi will save more than $2 billion on power bills due to data center projects in its service range.”
Money and contracts (29)
  • Incentives: SB 2001 data-center package (sales/use and income tax exemptions; county fee-in-lieu agreements; MMEIA infrastructure assistance)
    “TO EXEMPT FROM SALES TAXATION CERTAIN SALES OR LEASES TO ENTERPRISES OPERATING THE PROJECTS INCLUDED IN THIS ACT”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: FINDING, clawback/termination (county FILOT): no clawback or termination clause of the county agreement is publicly documented. The only jobs-linked reduction mechanism in the
    “the franchise tax fee-in-lieu for the project shall be reduced or suspended until the first tax year during which the annual number of full-time jobs maintained reaches the agreed upon amount”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): existence and scope: bilateral agreement for electric service to the Madison County data center project, entered under SB 2001 Sec. 22
    “A public utility may enter into a large customer supply and service agreement with a customer, which may include terms and pricing for electric service without reference to the rates”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): regulatory approval: no Commission (PSC) approval of the agreement is required (Sec. 22(3))
    “No approval by the commission of such agreement shall be required”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): confidentiality: the agreement and all its terms, including all charges for electric service, are a trade secret and confidential commercial and f
    “Any agreement, including any amendments or renewals, and its terms, including all charges for electrical service, shall constitute a trade secret and confidential commercial and financial information”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): term protection: the agreement, including any pricing or charges for electric service, is not subject to alteration, modification or cancelation b
    “The agreement, including any pricing or charges for electric service, shall not be subject to alteration or any other modification or cancelation by the commission”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): rate proceedings: the Commission shall not assign or impute a revenue requirement different from the agreement's allocation in any general retail
    “The commission shall not assign or impute a revenue requirement to the customer or the public utility in connection with a general retail rate proceeding”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): disclosure to regulator: prior to project completion the utility provides the Commission and Staff, for informational purposes only, facility desc
    “the public utility shall provide to the commission and staff, for informational purposes only, the following prior to project completion”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): FINDING, contracted quantity: no megawatt quantity, demand level or capacity commitment of the Entergy–Amazon agreement is public; the statute ma
    “a copy of any contract for the acquisition or purchase of energy or capacity, which contracts shall be exempt from public disclosure under the Mississippi Public Records Act of 1983”
  • Electric service agreement (large customer supply and service agreement): FINDING, minimum billing and party termination rights: not public. The only termination-related protection in the public record is statutory (the
    “shall not be subject to alteration or any other modification or cancelation by the commission, for the entire term of the agreement”
  • Original target date: not stated
    “Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) is investing $10 billion to establish multiple data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks”
  • State assistance (MMEIA): state assistance: MMEIA funds used to assist with infrastructure needs, workforce training and site development
    “Mississippi Major Economic Impact Authority funds will be used to assist with infrastructure needs, workforce training and site development”
  • Amazon announced its $11B Madison County expansion at a press conference held at 1218 West County Line Road, Ridgeland, adjacent to this campus. The Governor's release and Entergy frame the $11B as county-wide (both camp
    “a planned $11 billion expansion of the company's existing data center operations in Madison County, a project that will create 700 new jobs”
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: Aug. 12, 2024 · Grantor: RIDGWAY · Grantee: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Parcel number: 071H-33 -037/01 · City: RIDGELAND”
  • Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD
    “Recorded: Aug. 12, 2024 · Grantor: RIDGWAY LAND & TIMBER LLC · Grantee: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Parcel number: 071H-33 -036 · City: RIDGELAND”
  • Operator: Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS)
    “Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) is investing $10 billion to establish multiple data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks”
  • Announced: Jan. 25, 2024
    “Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) is investing $10 billion to establish multiple data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: existence and scope: one of two Madison County FILOTs with Amazon, covering the Ridgeland campus (the other covers the Canton Mega Site campus)
    “The county has entered into two fee-in-lieu-of-taxes agreements with the tech giant for its data center campuses in Canton and Ridgeland”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: term: 30 years
    “the city of Ridgeland will all receive a chunk of the company's tax revenue under the 30-year agreements”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: payment commencement: Madison County School District, Canton Public Schools and the City of Ridgeland begin receiving FILOT payments in Q1 2027
    “The districts are set to begin receiving payments in the first quarter of 2027”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: projected county revenue: ~$230M over six years under the FILOTs (both Madison County campuses combined); county share projected at $16.5M by 2029 and $29M by 2031 (MCEDA attorn
    “the county should receive approximately $230 million from the company in tax revenue over the next six years”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: performance linkage: the county ties its fee-in-lieu percentage to performance benchmarks, including 700 jobs by 2036 (county project-wide figure)
    “The county uniquely ties its fee-in-lieu percentage to performance benchmarks, such as creating 700 jobs by 2036”
  • Fee-in-lieu of ad valorem taxes agreement: FINDING, percentage/rate not public: the Ridgeland FILOT's fee-in-lieu percentage is not stated in any source opened; coverage establishes only that Amazon pays a reduced rate
    “allowing Amazon to pay a reduced tax rate in exchange for sustained investments in local communities”
  • State infrastructure loan: existence and repayment: $215M state infrastructure loan to Madison County for the Amazon project; repaid from FILOT revenue (about half of the county's FILOT revenue); payoff projected ~2032 (
    “part of the tax revenue will go toward repaying a $215 million state infrastructure loan associated with the data centers”
  • Water service agreement: FINDING, existence reported, text not retrieved: MFP's Sep 17, 2026 investigation reviewed Amazon's agreement with Ridgeland on water and found few guarantees behind the company's water assuranc
    “Amazon has promised Ridgeland, Mississippi, that its massive data center won't strain local water supplies. But an exclusive look at their agreement shows there are few guarantees.”
  • Synapse Energy Economics report for Earthjustice and Environmental Advocates Mississippi (May 2026): Entergy Mississippi residential customers had paid about $38M through March 2026 for data-center-serving investments (a
    “residential customers of Entergy Mississippi, one of the state's regional energy monopolies, have paid $38 million as of March 2026”
  • FILOT payments scale with assessed value: Madison County's assessor valued Amazon's five active Canton buildings at about $292M each against Amazon's about $69M replacement-cost figure, and the Board of Supervisors uphel
    “Amazon representatives disputed Cannady's valuation of about $292 million per building”
  • Mississippi Free Press reported (Sep 17, 2026) an exclusive review of Amazon's water agreement with the City of Ridgeland, finding few guarantees behind Amazon's assurances that the campus will not strain local water sup
    “Amazon has promised Ridgeland, Mississippi, that its massive data center won't strain local water supplies. But an exclusive look at their agreement shows there are few guarantees.”
  • hosting / colocation: scope not named end customer (Anthropic tie)
    “The law classifies the entire deal as a "trade secret," preventing Mississippians from reviewing its terms or the rates negotiated between the two parties.”
Permits and government (13)
  • Air permit, PSD Permit to Construct (adjacent dedicated plant, Traceview): application received
    “On June 10, 2025, the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) received an application and associated air modeling data from Entergy Mississippi, LLC”
  • Air permit, PSD Permit to Construct (adjacent dedicated plant, Traceview): draft permit and Preliminary Determination issued; public comment period
    “MDEQ provided a 30-day public comment period that spanned April 8, 2026, to May 8, 2026”
  • Air permit, PSD Permit to Construct (adjacent dedicated plant, Traceview): public hearing held
    “the public hearing was held on July 14, 2026, at the Greater Pearlie Grove Missionary Baptist Church (1640 West County Line Road; Jackson, MS 39213)”
  • Air permit, PSD Permit to Construct (adjacent dedicated plant, Traceview): Response to Comments issued (updated draft permit at Appendix F)
    “This document contains a summary of the written comments received during the public comment period, oral comments conveyed during the public hearing, and MDEQ's corresponding responses”
  • Stormwater general permit, construction coverage (Cosmos Substation): coverage terminated (construction complete)
    “MSR109373 | Entergy Mississippi, Inc., Cosmos Substation | GP-Construction | 09/17/2024 | 01/12/2026”
  • Air: application (draft permit public comment period ended Aug. 17, 2026)
    “Construction Permit Modification | 1720-00099 | 08/17/2026 | Draft Permit Public Comment Period Ends”
  • Air: issued
    “172000099 | Amazon Data Services Inc, JAN200 | Air-Construction | 06/25/2025”
  • Address: 1626 County Line Road, Ridgeland, MS
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road holds Permit No. 1720-00099”
  • Air permit, PSD/construction (emergency generator fleet): permit held by the facility (issuance date not established in sources opened)
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road holds Permit No. 1720-00099 authorizing 391 diesel-fired emergency generators with a total capacity of 1060 MW”
  • City of Ridgeland Zoning Board: Conditional use permit for the Traceview Advanced Power Station site (585 acres, West County Line Road), the application was filed by the Madison County Economic Development Authority, ho
    “The vote overrode the city's zoning board decision to reject the $1 billion project in mid-April”
  • City of Ridgeland Board of Aldermen: Same conditional use permit (Traceview site), decided three days after the Zoning Board vote
    “the Ridgeland Board of Aldermen unanimously approved a conditional use permit for Entergy to build the power plant”
  • Madison County Board of Supervisors: MCEDA attorney Chris Pace briefing on the Amazon fee-in-lieu agreements: county share of data-center tax revenue projected at $16.5M by 2029 and $29M by 2031; part of the revenue repa
    “Amazon expects to bring five more data center buildings online this year alone, he explained, and the company will continue adding to that total across its two campuses”
  • Madison County Board of Supervisors: Amazon property-valuation appeal, SCOPE: the five CANTON campus buildings (214,534 sq ft each). Tax Assessor Norman Cannady's valuation of ~$292M per building vs Amazon's ~$69M per b
    “the board voted to uphold the tax assessor's recommendation (of value)”
Site and other (6)
  • Announced: Jan. 25, 2024
    “This investment by AWS is the single largest capital investment in Mississippi history”
  • Construction stage: operating (first phase) with expansion construction continuing
    “The Amazon Data Services facility under construction at 1626 County Line Road”
  • Buildings operational: 4 buildings
    “Buildings 1-4 are operational, based on the buildings shells and backup generators and most of the landscaping”
    grade C
  • Water use stated: Groundwater used ~30 days per year (~9% of the time) per AWS; full-buildout use estimated at 93 million gallons per year
    “its Ridgeland campus will only use groundwater for 30 days of the year, or only 9% of the time”
  • completion was an expectation, not a report - no building stated operational or energized.
    “At the Ridgeland site, four buildings are under construction, with a pad for a fifth building having been poured.”
  • as of the latest dated coverage (Oct 19, 2026) no source confirms any Ridgeland building actually opened.
    “It is anticipated that the four in Ridgeland will be operational this year.”

Imagery and records: County deeds: ATTOM.