Power
Power and the grid
None energized or contracted yet · 350 MW permitted
Apollo gas plant (21 turbines and 6 engines), behind the meterPermitted, under construction
net output cap, built by Williams for Meta; under construction; air permit issued June 2026; gas pipelines not yet filed for approval Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
Battery storage at the plantApproved
239 MWh of storage; stores energy, not an added supply Utility regulator · Jan. 2026
PermittedApproved
Other sources, size not disclosed
- Utility grid (Toledo Edison) None disclosedthe state bars any grid connection for the plant; Toledo Edison is named as planning partner but no supply contract or MW is disclosed Company · Oct. 2026
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- Nov. 5, 2025Plant first disclosedWilliams' unit files with the Ohio Power Siting Board for a 350 MW net plant to serve the adjacent data center. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- Feb. 3, 2026State siting approvalApproved automatically after a staff review, with 34 conditions including a 350 MW output cap and a bar on grid connection; no public hearing was held. see Permits
- Feb. 6, 2026Power contract signedWilliams' unit and Meta's Liames LLC sign an amended power purchase agreement; terms are not public (press says 10 years, mostly fixed price). Company · Oct. 2026
- June 2, 2026Air permit issuedOhio EPA issues the final permit for 21 gas turbines and 6 gas engines, after construction had begun. see Permits
- Aug. 2027Full plant in service (planned)About 150 MW around July 2027, the rest around Aug. 2027. Utility regulator · Jan. 2026
- Not setGas pipelines not yet filedTwo 16-inch gas lines serving the plant need their own state filings, none made as of Jan. 2026. see Permits
- Two 1 MW diesel generators at the plant are for black start only and do not serve the campus load; the campus's own backup fleet is not disclosed. Utility regulator · Jan. 2026
- Any power sold to the grid would need a new PJM request and fresh state approval. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
Is it running?
Evidence from space
NO2 over the site, net of the rural background, was about the same in July–September 2026 (7 µmol/m²) as a year earlier (8), and the rural background stayed flat (26 and 24). The satellite sees no new combustion large enough to stand out here. On record here: Apollo gas plant (21 turbines and 6 engines), behind the meter, 350 MW, permitted. No rise fits a plant that is not running yet, or runs little; it does not prove either.
NO2 over the campus and over open country (µmol/m²)
What else could explain it
- Cities, highways, oil and gas fields and power plants in or near the box also emit NO2. Comparing the same months a year apart removes steady sources; a new source nearby would not cancel.
- Weather moves NO2 from day to day (wind, sunlight, cloud), and it builds up in winter. Subtracting the background box and comparing the same season a year apart removes most of that.
How this works: the Sentinel-5P satellite measures NO2 in the air over every point on Earth once a day, around 1:30 p.m. local time, in pixels about 5.5 by 3.5 km. NO2 comes from burning fuel (turbines, engines, traffic, power plants), so a rise over a site that open country does not share points to new combustion there. It shows combustion activity, not megawatts. The site box is about 15 km across; the background box is open country about 65 km away. We use only high-quality readings and drop days or weeks when cloud hides more than half of either box. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-5P (ESA), processed with the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Sentinel Hub statistics service.
Permits
Permits checklist
3 granted · 3 checked, nothing on file
Approvals a campus like this normally needs (including an air permit for backup or on-site generators), and what we found.
- ✓Siting certificate, Apollo gas plant GrantedOhio Power Siting Board · Feb. 3, 2026: automatic approval, 34 conditions; no hearing Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- ✓Air permit-to-install, 21 turbines and 6 engines GrantedOhio EPA · June 2, 2026: draft was public only after construction began; about 100 residents attended the Apr. 2026 hearing State agency · Oct. 2026
- ✓Building permit, data center building GrantedBowling Green building department · May 12, 2025: partial approval, foundation only; listed job value $319.5M Local building-permit records · May 2025
- –Checked, nothing on file: Gas pipelines (two 16-inch lines), Title V operating permit, Local tax abatement
Risks
What could slow it down
- MediumPlant timing slippedThe state record shows full service around Aug. 2027, later than the first half of 2027 Williams guided in Oct. 2025. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- MediumNo grid fallbackThe plant cannot connect to the grid and its gas pipelines still need separate approval, so the campus depends on one on-site plant. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- MediumLocal oppositionResidents and groups say the gas plant was not disclosed in advance, and about 100 people spoke at the air-permit hearing. News report · April 2026
- WatchCampus load not disclosedMeta has not published the data center's MW, and the power contract's terms are not public. Company · Oct. 2026
Money
Money on record
$5.34B
Blackstone-led capital for Williams' five power projects
49% stake; Williams keeps 51% and control Company · Oct. 2026
$3.1B
Williams' announced spend on two new projects including Apollo (press)
Oct. 2025 filing, as reported News report · Oct. 2026
Timeline
What happened, and what is due
SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
- Oct. 9, 2023Paper trail Meta's Liames LLC is formed in Ohio to assemble the land under the codename Project Accordion.
- Oct. 25, 2023Paper trail Liames LLC registered in Ohio
- April 9, 2025Site Meta announces the $800M+ Bowling Green data center, with construction already under way. Company · Oct. 2026
- Oct. 1, 2025Money Williams discloses two new gas power projects backed by 10-year contracts, including Apollo (press). News report · Oct. 2026
- Nov. 5, 2025Permits Williams' unit files for state siting approval of the 350 MW plant. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- Feb. 3, 2026Permits Ohio Power Siting Board approval takes effect automatically, with 34 conditions. Utility regulator · Oct. 2026
- Feb. 6, 2026Power Amended power purchase agreement signed between Williams' unit and Liames. Company · Oct. 2026
- April 8, 2026Legal About 100 residents attend the Ohio EPA hearing on the draft air permit. State agency · Oct. 2026
- June 2, 2026Permits Ohio EPA issues the final air permit. State agency · Oct. 2026
- July 13, 2026Money Blackstone-led group commits $5.34B for 49% of Williams' five power projects. Company · Oct. 2026
- Aug. 2027Power Full 350 MW planned in service; about 150 MW is due in July 2027. Utility regulator · Jan. 2026
Construction activity
Building activity by quarter
Since May 2025: 6 building permits (4 issued or finished, 2 pending or open); the largest lists a $319.5M job value; 4 FAA filings (May 2025 to May 2026): tallest crane 400 ft (May 2026). Job values are not added up: trade permits often repeat the whole project's value.
Building permits
FAA filings
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 5. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings
Specs
- Closed-loop cooling: at the plant; the campus's own water use is not disclosed Utility regulator · Jan. 2026
- JE Dunn: general contractor for the data center Company · April 2025
Who is involved
Owners, partners and builders
Owners
- Meta Platforms: owner-operator, through Liames LLC
- Williams Companies: builds and operates the Apollo plant through Will-Power OH LLC (51% of its project group)
Investors and builders
- Blackstone, Apollo funds and KKR vehicles: 49% of Williams' five power projects
- JE Dunn Construction: data center contractor
Decision-makers
- Ohio Power Siting Board: plant certificate
- Ohio EPA: air permit
- Toledo Edison (FirstEnergy): named planning partner
Opponents
- FreshWater Accountability Project and local residents
Still unknown
Open questions
- The data center's own MW load.
- Approval of the gas pipelines.
- Terms of the power contract and any tax abatement.
Where this comes from
167 records from 29 documents
Drawn from news reports, state agency records, company statements, business registries, public and commercial datasets, utility regulator dockets and our own analysis, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
News report 12State agency 7Company 5Dataset 5Utility regulator 2Analysis 1
Evidence
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (39)
- Interconnection status: Behind-the-meter by design - no grid interconnection: the certificated Apollo plant (350 MW net, OPSB Case 25-0973-EL-BLN) serves the adjacent Liames, LLC (Meta) campus and will not be physically“The Apollo Power Generation Facility will operate “behind-the-meter” to serve the electric load of an adjacent data center and will not be physically connected to the electric power grid.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
- generator interconnection request (state siting certificate, BTM plant): certificate automatically approved Feb 3, 2026 (Letter of Notification filed Nov 5, 2025; OPSB Staff Report of Investigation Jan 27, 2026 recommend“The Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) approved the construction of a 350 megawatt (MW) natural gas fired electric generation facility in Wood County.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
- Nearest substation of 345 kV or more: 0.924 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 0.95 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest gas pipeline: 0.730 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- County code: Wood County, OH (39173)“Will-Power OH, LLC will construct and operate the power plant near the intersection of Mercer Road and Middleton Pike in Middleton Township.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- IT capacity: not stated“electric output is dedicated to a single customer's electric load and would not be physically connected to the electric grid”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Utility service: not stated“The Applicant shall not have a physical or electrical interconnection with the Transmission System pursuant to the PJM Interconnection, LLC Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT), Part IV or OATT Part VI.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Stated campus size: not stated“Once completed, the Bowling Green Data Center will represent an investment of more than $800 million and support approximately 100 jobs.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Construction stage: vertical“Liames is currently constructing a data center campus adjacent to the Apollo Power Generation Facility site.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Apollo in-service staging per the OPSB record: ~150 MW around Jul 2027, full 350 MW around Aug 2027, construction complete Dec 2027 - later than the H1 2027 completion guided in Williams' Oct 2025 8-K (slip; see conflict“The Applicant intends to place portions of the facility (approximately 150MW) in service around July 2027 and place the remainder of the BTM facility fully in service around August 2027.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Source record“Successful completion of phase one of Socrates, the company's first Power Innovation project”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Air facility ID: 0387022027“Final Permit-to-Install Will-Power OH LLC - Apollo Permit Number: P0139272 Facility ID: 0387022027 Effective Date: 06/02/2026”State agency · June 2026 · grade B
- Address: 11902 Middleton Pike, Bowling Green, OH 43402“Will-Power OH LLC - Apollo 11902 Middleton Pike Bowling Green, OH 43402”State agency · June 2026 · grade B
- generator interconnection request (state siting certificate, BTM plant): final permit-to-install effective Jun 2, 2026“Final Permit-to-Install Will-Power OH LLC - Apollo Permit Number: P0139272 Facility ID: 0387022027 Effective Date: 06/02/2026”State agency · June 2026 · grade B
- Location: Middleton Township, Wood County, OH - campus on Middleton Pike; Apollo plant near Mercer Road and Middleton Pike“Will-Power OH, LLC will construct and operate the power plant near the intersection of Mercer Road and Middleton Pike in Middleton Township.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 350 MW“The Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) approved the construction of a 350 megawatt (MW) natural gas fired electric generation facility in Wood County.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade B
- Utility: None - behind-the-meter Apollo plant; no grid interconnection“The Apollo Power Generation Facility will operate behind-the-meter to serve the electric load of an adjacent data center and will not be physically connected to the electric power grid.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade B
- Power plan: onsite“The Apollo Power Generation Facility will operate behind-the-meter to serve the electric load of an adjacent data center and will not be physically connected to the electric power grid.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade B
- Conditions of approval: OPSB certificate (Letter of Notification, Case 25-0973-EL-BLN) subject to 34 conditions“Will-Power OH must adhere to 34 conditions designed to minimize potential impacts during the construction and operation of the facility.”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 350 MW“Will-Power OH, LLC (Applicant) proposes to construct, operate, and maintain a 350 megawatt (MW) net capacity electric generation plant”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Generation fleet: 21 gas turbines + 6 reciprocating engines“The primary power generation equipment would consist of two Siemens SGT800 turbines, three Siemens A35 turbines, ten Solar PGM 130 turbines, six Siemens SGT400 turbines, and six Caterpillar 3520 reciprocating engines.”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Emergency gensets: 2 x Caterpillar C32 diesel, up to 1,000 kW each“The emergency and black start generation would come from two Caterpillar C32 diesel generators rated each at up to 1,000 kilowatts (kW).”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Planned in service: ~150 MW around July 2027; full facility around August 2027; construction complete December 2027“place portions of the facility (approximately 150MW) in service around July 2027 and place the remainder of the BTM facility fully in service around August 2027”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Power consumer: Liames, LLC“Liames, LLC ("Liames" or "customer") would be the customer of the Applicant's electric power generation. The customer intends a data center on its campus.”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Plant name: Apollo Power Generation Facility“Case No. 25-0973-EL-BLN, Will-Power OH, LLC, Apollo Power Generation Facility, Middleton Township, Wood County”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 119.5 MW“approximately 119.5 MW of BESS capacity (for delivery of 239 MW-h of energy)”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- On-site generation: 2 MW“The emergency and black start generation would come from two Caterpillar C32 diesel generators rated each at up to 1,000 kilowatts (kW).”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Substation: Apollo internal BTM substation and switching substation; ~18 transformers step generation to 34.5 kV; delivery to campus via 34.5 kV circuits“The electric system network would consist of an internal BTM substation, switching substation, busses, circuit breakers, switchgear, transformers, and gen-tie lines.”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Gas supply: Firm third-party delivery via two 16-inch pipelines; pipelines are the subject of separate future OPSB filings (none filed as of the Jan 2026 staff report)“Natural gas supply for the BTM facility would come from two 16-inch diameter gas pipelines.”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Backup generators: Plant black-start: 2 x Caterpillar C32 diesel (up to 1,000 kW each); campus backup generator fleet not disclosed“The diesel generators are only for startup of the Apollo facility and would not directly support the customer's electric load demand needs.”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Current target date: Aug. 2027“The Applicant intends to place portions of the facility (approximately 150MW) in service around July 2027 and place the remainder of the BTM facility fully in service around August 2027.”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Battery energy storage at the campus per the OPSB staff report: approximately 119.5 MW of BESS capacity (239 MWh of energy), approximately 31 Tesla Megapack 2XL containers. Battery storage is not generation and is never“would utilize approximately 119.5 MW of BESS capacity (for delivery of 239 MW-h of energy). This BESS equipment would consist of approximately 31 Tesla Megapack 2XL battery energy storage containers”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- On-site plant status: not built yet“the 350 MW "behind-the-meter" gas plant now being constructed for the Meta hyperscale data center in Wood County Ohio”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- FreshWater Accountability Project campaigns against Ohio EPA's proposed general NPDES permit for data centers, naming this campus (Liames LLC / Project Accordion); residents and officials say the gas plant was not disclo“Both county and local officials admit that Meta did not advise them of the plans for the gas plant when they were secretly negotiating to acquire property and permits”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Approximately 100 residents attend the Ohio EPA hearing on the Apollo draft air permit in Bowling Green; testimony centers on air quality, emissions and the lack of advance notice.“Approximately 100 people were in attendance at the hearing in Bowling Green to ask questions and provide testimony on the draft permit.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Reuters review (Jun 2026): the Bowling Green campus and its gas plant were assembled largely in secret (NDAs, redacted documents, fast-tracked permits); residents across the street from the Apollo site report learning of“Meta's Bowling Green data center in Ohio is linked to a large natural gas power plant.”News report · June 2026 · grade C
- Opposition: Organized local opposition; ~100 residents attended the Ohio EPA draft-PTI hearing Apr 8, 2026; FreshWater Accountability Project active; residents say the gas plant was not disclosed in advance“Approximately 100 people were in attendance at the hearing in Bowling Green to ask questions and provide testimony on the draft permit.”News report · April 2026 · grade C
- Verdict: not built yet (under construction, not shown running). Will-Power OH's 350 MW Apollo plant (21 gas turbines + 6 reciprocating engines) holds an OPSB certificate (automatic approval Feb 3, 2026) and a final Ohio“the draft air permit for the 350 MW "behind-the-meter" gas plant now being constructed for the Meta hyperscale data center”News report · April 2026 · grade C
Money and contracts (27)
- Tenants: Meta Platforms (owner-occupied; no third-party tenant)“Meta will be building its newest AI-optimized data center in Northwest Ohio”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Purchase Agreement (Amended and Restated): execution Amended and Restated PPA executed Feb 6, 2026; amends, restates, supersedes and replaces the Original PPA in its entirety“Signature Page to Power Purchase Agreement (Project Apollo)”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Purchase Agreement (Amended and Restated): counterparty Buyer Liames, LLC signed by R. Bryce Dalley, Authorized Representative, dated Feb 6, 2026“By: R. Bryce Dalley (Feb 6, 2026 14:43:56 PST)”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Purchase Agreement (Amended and Restated): termination FINDING: termination/cancellation clauses NOT reviewed - the executed A&R PPA was located but full-text retrieval returned HTTP 403 in this pass; no terminatio“AMENDED AND RESTATED POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Purchase Agreement (Amended and Restated): scope Behind-the-meter supply of the Apollo plant's full output to the Liames data center site (Exhibit A: Identification of Data Center Site; Exhibit B-1: Description of“Exhibit A IDENTIFICATION OF DATA CENTER SITE”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Certificate - Case 25-0973-EL-BLN: condition Condition 14: facility output shall not exceed 350 MW“The facility shall be operated in such a way that the output of the facility does not exceed 350 megawatts.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Certificate - Case 25-0973-EL-BLN: condition Condition 15: no physical or electrical interconnection with the transmission system (PJM OATT Part IV/VI)“The Applicant shall not have a physical or electrical interconnection with the Transmission System pursuant to the PJM Interconnection, LLC Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT), Part IV or OATT Part VI.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Certificate - Case 25-0973-EL-BLN: condition Condition 16: export to the bulk power system requires a new PJM interconnection service request and supplemental OPSB approval“The Applicant shall file a new service request to PJM and receive supplemental approval from the Board, unless the Applicant is otherwise in full compliance with PJM's OATT.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Certificate - Case 25-0973-EL-BLN: condition Condition 31: BESS decommissioning plan with performance bond (Applicant principal, insurer surety, OPSB obligee; excludes salvage value; recalculated every 5 years) due“the decommissioning plan must include a performance bond, in the form of a decommissioning bond, issued by an insurer rated by A.M. Best”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Certificate - Case 25-0973-EL-BLN: condition Conditions 27 + 34: file Ohio EPA PTI/PTIO and Title V permit on the case docket upon receipt; submit annual operational compliance reports for at least 3 years after con“The Applicant shall submit annual operational compliance reports for at least three years following completion of construction.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: scope 49% noncontrolling equity interest in the five Power Innovation projects: Socrates, Apollo, Aquila, Socrates the Younger, Neo“to support the development of its five announced behind-the-meter Power Innovation projects: Socrates, Apollo, Aquila, Socrates the Younger, and Neo”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: value 5340000000 USD“Blackstone and its partners will provide Williams with $5.34 billion of committed capital in exchange for a 49% noncontrolling equity interest in the five Power Innovation projects.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: clause $4.4B represents 49% of expected total growth capital expenditures; approximately $0.9B is additional consideration to Williams“The commitment includes $4.4 billion, representing 49% of expected total growth capital expenditures, and approximately $0.9 billion of additional consideration to Williams.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: control Williams retains a 51% interest and maintains commercial and operational control of the projects“Williams will retain a 51% interest in the projects and will maintain commercial and operational control.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: buyout Williams buyout right between years 7 and 14, valued at the Blackstone outstanding investment balance“Williams has a buyout right between years 7 and 14 valued at the Blackstone outstanding investment balance amount”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Power Innovation Joint Venture: distributions Cash distributions align with ownership (51% Williams / 49% Blackstone); distributions above Blackstone's targeted return reduce its investment balance“Cash distributions align with ownership interests of 51% to Williams and 49% to Blackstone, and distributions that exceed Blackstone's targeted return will serve to reduce their investment balance.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Meta publicly announces the Bowling Green data center: 715,000 sq ft, >$800M investment, ~100 jobs, 280-acre site in Middleton Township; construction already under way.“Once completed, the Bowling Green Data Center will represent an investment of more than $800 million and support approximately 100 jobs.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Amended and Restated PPA executed between Will-Power OH, LLC (seller) and Liames, LLC (buyer) for Project Apollo, superseding the Original PPA.“Signature Page to Power Purchase Agreement (Project Apollo)”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Blackstone-led JV (with Apollo funds and KKR vehicles) commits $5.34B for a 49% noncontrolling interest in Williams' five Power Innovation projects incl. Apollo; Williams keeps 51% and operational control, with a buyout“Williams has a buyout right between years 7 and 14 valued at the Blackstone outstanding investment balance amount”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Financing: Plant: Blackstone-led JV - $5.34B committed capital for a 49% noncontrolling interest in the five-project Power Innovation portfolio incl. Apollo (Jul 13, 2026); Williams retains 51% and control“Blackstone and its partners will provide Williams with $5.34 billion of committed capital in exchange for a 49% noncontrolling equity interest in the five Power Innovation projects.”Company · July 2026 · grade B
- Square feet: 715000 sq ft“This 715,000-square-foot campus will be part of the highly advanced infrastructure that helps bring Meta technologies to life.”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Stated capital cost: 800000000 USD“Once completed, the facility will represent an investment of more than $800 million in the state”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Jobs announced: 100 jobs“Once completed, the Bowling Green Data Center will represent an investment of more than $800 million and support approximately 100 jobs.”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- General contractor: JE Dunn Construction“They include Wood County Economic Development Commission, Middleton Township, Wood County Commissioners, Wood County Port Authority, the City of Bowling Green, Ohio Department of Development, Toledo Edison and JE Dunn Construction.”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Power Purchase Agreement: term 10 years, primarily fixed-price (per Williams' Oct 1, 2025 Form 8-K, as reported)“the two projects are backed by 10-year, primarily fixed-price power purchase agreements with a financially strong customer”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Power Purchase Agreement: extension Customer extension option included (length not disclosed in sources opened)“The PPAs are long-dated (10 years, primarily fixed-price), include an extension option, and contain contracted margins”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Williams Form 8-K: two new Power Innovation projects (Apollo in Ohio; Aquila in Utah) backed by 10-year primarily fixed-price PPAs with an unnamed investment-grade customer; ~$3.1B combined investment; completion guided“Williams Companies announced plans to invest $3.1 billion in two new natural gas-fired power projects, according to a Form 8-K filing”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
Permits and government (28)
- FAA OE/AAA: Determined - No Hazard“Mobile crane to build new construction building. Per notice criteria tool building structure does not need study filed”FAA · May 2025 · grade A
- OPSB certificate (Letter of Notification): filed“Application filing date: November 5, 2025”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB certificate (Letter of Notification): staff report issued“Automatic approval date: February 3, 2026”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB certificate (Letter of Notification): approved“The Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) approved the construction of a 350 megawatt (MW) natural gas fired electric generation facility in Wood County.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Air permit: application received“Application received December 5, 2025 - Revised application January 30, 2026 - Public notice of draft permit March 5, 2026 - Public hearing April 8, 2026”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Air permit: draft issued / public notice“Public notice of draft permit March 5, 2026”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Air permit: issued“Initial Installation PTI for (6) natural gas fired engines and (21) natural gas fired turbines.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Gas pipelines: pending“The two 16-inch diameter gas pipelines would be the subject of separate future filings with the Board.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Title V operating permit: requirement noted“Within twelve months of commencement of commercial operation, the Applicant would submit to the Ohio EPA an application for a Title V operating permit.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Will-Power OH files the OPSB Letter of Notification for Apollo (Case 25-0973-EL-BLN) - the first public disclosure that an on-site gas plant would serve the campus.“Application filing date: November 5, 2025”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB automatic approval of Apollo with 34 conditions - under three months after filing, with no public hearing, under Ohio's accelerated siting process.“Will-Power OH must adhere to 34 conditions designed to minimize potential impacts during the construction and operation of the facility.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Ohio EPA issues the final PTI P0139272 (21 turbines + 6 engines). The draft permit had only become public in March 2026, after plant construction began - a sequencing point Reuters and residents criticize.“Initial Installation PTI for (6) natural gas fired engines and (21) natural gas fired turbines.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control (Northwest District Office): Public information session and hearing on the draft air PTI P0139272 for the Apollo plant“Public hearing April 8, 2026”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Ohio Power Siting Board: Automatic approval of the Apollo Letter of Notification (Case 25-0973-EL-BLN) - no public hearing held under the accelerated review process“The Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) approved the construction of a 350 megawatt (MW) natural gas fired electric generation facility in Wood County.”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- building permit: Building permit: approved“Permit number: BLD25-000539 · Type: Building permit · Status: approved · Job value: $210,500 · Effective date: June 11, 2026 · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: 10 525 of perimeter fence - project accordion”
- Ohio EPA final Permit-to-Install: issued (final, effective)“Final Permit-to-Install Will-Power OH LLC - Apollo Permit Number: P0139272 Facility ID: 0387022027 Effective Date: 06/02/2026”State agency · June 2026 · grade B
- FAA OE/AAA determination (mobile crane, Apollo Generation Facility): Determined - No Hazard“"Apollo Generation Facility" | Mobile Crane | AGL 265 | 41.45830556,-83.62881667 | submitted 05/07/2026 | Determined - No Hazard”FAA · May 2026 · grade B
- FAA OE/AAA determination (mobile crane, Apollo Gen-Tie): Determined - No Hazard“"Apollo Gen-Tie" | Mobile Crane | AGL 120 | 41.46536389,-83.62806389 | submitted 05/07/2026 | Determined - No Hazard”FAA · May 2026 · grade B
- FAA OE/AAA determination (mobile crane, Meta Bowling Green data center): Determined - No Hazard“"Meta Bowling Green - mobile Crane 400'" | Mobile Crane | AGL 400 | 41.46548056,-83.62931944 | submitted 05/07/2026 | Determined - No Hazard”FAA · May 2026 · grade B
- Ohio EPA draft Permit-to-Install: draft issued for public comment; hearing Apr 8, 2026; comment period closed May 1, 2026“Facility ID: 0387022027 Permit Number: P0139272 Permit Type: Initial Installation Issued: 03/05/2026”State agency · March 2026 · grade B
- OPSB Letter of Notification (accelerated certificate): filed“Applicant: Will-Power OH, LLC; Application Filing Date: November 5, 2025; Filing Type: Letter of Notification”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- OPSB certificate: approved (automatic approval recommended Feb 3, 2026; approval reported)“Staff recommends this application for automatic approval February 3, 2026, unless suspended by the Board, an administrative law judge, or the chairperson”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Ohio EPA Permit-to-Install application (Title V major source): application received; preliminarily and administratively complete“Will-Power OH LLC - Apollo, Facility ID # 0387022027, P0139272 received on 12/05/2025”State agency · Dec. 2025 · grade B
- building permit: Building permit / Commercial: approved“Permit number: BLD25-000035 · Type: Building permit · Status: approved · Job value: $17,128,296 · Effective date: May 14, 2025 · Business: Syska Hennessy · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: New storage building. Ibos storage building - project accordion (for associated site work see dcb1 bld25-”Local building-permit records · May 2025 · grade B
- building permit: Building permit / Commercial: partial approval - foundation only“Permit number: BLD25-000033 · Type: Building permit · Status: partial approval - foundation only · Job value: $319,492,588 · Effective date: May 12, 2025 · Business: Syska Hennessy · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: New data center building. For site work see dcb1 bld25-000032”Local building-permit records · May 2025 · grade B
- building permit: Building permit / Commercial: partial approval - foundation only“Permit number: BLD25-000032 · Type: Building permit · Status: partial approval - foundation only · Effective date: May 7, 2025 · Business: JE Dunn; Syska Hennessy · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: New single story data center building with associated site work dcb1 - projec”Local building-permit records · May 2025 · grade B
- building permit: Electrical permit / Commercial: approved“Permit number: EL25-000580 · Type: Electrical permit · Status: approved · Effective date: May 7, 2025 · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: Electrical w/4000amp and 4197circuits + generator + ev charger **online application**”Local building-permit records · May 2025 · grade B
- building permit: Electrical permit / Commercial: approved“Permit number: EL25-000581 · Type: Electrical permit · Status: approved · Effective date: May 7, 2025 · Address: 12356 MIDDLETON PIKE · Description: Electric w/4000amp & 3693 circuits + generator + ev charger **online application**”Local building-permit records · May 2025 · grade B
Site and other (16)
- Plant address: 11902 Middleton Pike, Bowling Green, OH 43402“Proposed location - 11902 Middleton Pike, Bowling Green, OH 43402”State agency · April 2026 · grade B
- Project area acres: 146.84 acres“The approximately 146.84-acre project area is situated within industrial property characterized primarily by industrial development.”State agency · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Plant site acres: 146.84 acres“The approximately 146.84-acre project area is situated within industrial property”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Water supply: Plant: closed-loop water/glycol cooling (~1,375 gal inventory, no discharge); plant control-building water/wastewater from Northwestern Water and Sewer District. Campus water use not disclosed in sources op“Water and wastewater service for the control building and maintenance shop would be obtained from the local provider, Northwestern Water and Sewer District.”Utility regulator · Jan. 2026 · grade B
- Name: Meta Bowling Green (Apollo)“Middleton Township, Ohio, will be home to the newest Meta-owned and operated data center”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- County: Wood County“The 715,000-square-foot data center will be located on a 280-acre site in Middleton Township, Wood County.”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Developer: Meta Platforms, Inc. (via Liames LLC)“Middleton Township, Ohio, will be home to the newest Meta-owned and operated data center”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Operator: Meta Platforms, Inc.“Middleton Township, Ohio, will be home to the newest Meta-owned and operated data center”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Site acres: 280 acres“The 715,000-square-foot data center will be located on a 280-acre site in Middleton Township, Wood County.”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Announced: April 9, 2025“Middleton Township, Ohio, will be home to the newest Meta-owned and operated data center”Company · April 2025 · grade B
- Stage: building“work is underway on the Apollo Generating Station, a plant intended to serve Meta's 800-acre Bowling Green data center”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Reuters reports work under way on both the Apollo plant and Meta's Bowling Green campus, describing an 800-acre campus; Williams says it is developing four similar Ohio projects completable in 18-24 months.“work is underway on the Apollo Generating Station, a plant intended to serve Meta's 800-acre Bowling Green data center”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Original target date: 2027“These facilities are expected to be completed in the first half of 2027”News report · Oct. 2025 · grade C
- Construction stage: under construction - announced Apr 14, 2025 by Meta with JobsOhio / Regional Growth Partnership; site work began fall 2023 under Liames LLC (press project name: Project Accordion); expected fully oper“Meta will be building its newest AI-optimized data center in Northwest Ohio. The 715,000-square-foot data center will be located on a 280-acre site in Middleton Township, Wood County.”News report · April 2025 · grade C
- Site acres: 280 acres“The 715,000-square-foot data center will be located on a 280-acre site in Middleton Township, Wood County.”News report · April 2025 · grade C
- Announced: Sept. 2023“The Blade reports plans are being made to locate a data center on hundreds of acres in Middleton Township, just west of I-75 and near the intersection of State Rt. 582 and State Rt. 25”News report · Sept. 2023 · grade C
Imagery and records: Building permits: ATTOM.