Data center profile · 30 Monarch Way, by the former Mason County Airport, Point Pleasant, West Virginia

Monarch Compute Campus

Nscale's off-grid campus near Point Pleasant, West Virginia: up to 8 GW of power (6.5 GW IT), starting with an 864-engine gas plant and GPU capacity for Anthropic

Site work, permits pending. Site preparation by May 2026 drew a state stormwater enforcement order in July; the 2,160 MW engine plant's air permit is a draft. Anthropic signed for GPU capacity, but Nscale had no binding financing at its Sept. 2026 IPO filing.
The old airfield before construction began, Satellite image, Nov. 16, 2025
8 GW
gross on-site power Nscale says the site can reach
by 2031, per its IPO filing; over 6.5 GW of IT capacity
2,160 MW
gas engines in the draft air permit
864 engines of 2.5 MW; permit not issued
$44.6B
most Anthropic could pay under its GPU deals
signed Aug. 25, 2026; 460 MW in the first building (press)
0
binding financing commitments at the IPO filing
Sept. 18, 2026 filing
OperatorNscale (owner of developer American Intelligence & Power since March 2026)
CustomerAnthropic (GPU services, signed Aug. 25, 2026); Microsoft exited a 1.35 GW letter of intent (press)
Planned IT capacity6.5 GW at full build-out (company IT figure)
First building in serviceOur estimate: 2028 (range 2027 to 2029); company says 2027.
Next deadlineOct. 30, 2026: Written comments close on the draft air permit
The site

An untouched airfield in the last sharp picture, Nov. 2025

The former Mason County Airport on Nov. 16, 2025, the newest sharp satellite picture of the site: runway, apron and hangar among woods and fields, with no construction at all. Grading began between April and September 2026 and has been seen only by coarser satellites (below). The 2,250-acre holding reaches well beyond this frame; the two round tanks in the woods at lower right predate the project.

Satellite overview123
Satellite image, Nov. 16, 2025. Pins placed from site coordinates.
  1. 1Air-permit location
    on the old airfield, just south of the apron
  2. 2Planned data-hall area
    the old airport apron and runway flat
  3. 3Woods south of the runway
    now being graded; no power plant, substation or batteries built
  4. 4West field earthworks
    farm fields west of the airfield, off this map: the biggest graded block
From orbit

An old airfield, after the bulldozers

On Nov. 16, 2025, in the last sharp picture of the site (above), the former airport sat untouched among woods and farm fields. By Oct. 7, 2026 a coarser satellite view shows mass grading cutting into the airfield from the west and south, and into the woods below the runway. No building has started.

An old airfield, after the bulldozers
Ground map drawn from the lower-resolution image: vegetation, nothing builtbare or graded groundroofsgravel and padsequipment, asphalt or waterEdges are accurate to about 10 m.
Lower-resolution satellite image, Oct. 7, 2026
From orbit

The biggest work zone: farm fields west of the airfield

In the last sharp picture, on Nov. 16, 2025, these were mowed fields along Airport Road. By Oct. 7, 2026 nearly the whole block was bare earth cut with benches and haul roads, stopping cleanly at the village strip along the south road.

The biggest work zone: farm fields west of the airfield
Ground map drawn from the lower-resolution image: vegetation, nothing builtbare or graded groundroofsgravel and padsequipment, asphalt or waterEdges are accurate to about 10 m.
Lower-resolution satellite image, Oct. 7, 2026
Quarter by quarter

An intact airfield graded into pads, with no building yet

Grading began in spring 2026, after the Apr. 8, 2026 frame and before a May 28, 2026 capture that shows the west fields already stripped. By Oct. 7, 2026 the west block is leveled into pads and two stormwater basins have formed south of the runway, but there are no roofs or vertical construction anywhere.

Satellite view of the campus, Oct. 7, 2026

Sentinel-2 satellite, 10 m resolution (coarser than the photos above).
Construction from orbit

What the satellites see on the ground

From orbit, no ground clearing shows yet, and radar shows no structures rising yet. No new roof shows by Oct. 2026. That runs behind our stage (site work): the images do not yet show the ground work we expect.

Construction from orbit, as a share of the site: bare ground (left scale); roof and very bright radar echoes (right scale)
01234%010203040%2023Jul2024Jul2025Jul2026Jul▲ Permits▲ Site workBare groundRadar: bright echoesRoof
01234%010203040%2023202420252026▲ Permits▲ Site workBare groundRadar: bright echoesRoof
Roof: the highest 5-month median so far (roofs do not come down), dots are single months; bare ground: 3-month median; radar: 2-month median. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2023–2026.

How this works: Sentinel-2 photographs the ground every few days at 10 m. For each month we keep the cloud-free views over the campus outline (about 300 acres) and count the share that reads as bare ground and the share that reads as roof (very bright, not vegetated). Sentinel-1 radar sees through cloud every 6–12 days; walls and steel bounce the signal straight back, so the share of very bright radar echoes rises as buildings go up. Bright gravel pads and fresh concrete can read as roof, and wet or snowy months dip, so we read the trend, not single months. Black ticks mark our stage dates. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, via the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem.

Power

Power and the grid

None energized or contracted yet

Gas engine plant, phase 1Draft permit, not issued
2,160 MW
864 engines of 2.5 MW in 12 power nodes, plus 120 auxiliary engines; Caterpillar G3516 sets (press) News report · Oct. 2026
Caterpillar generator orderEquipment ordered (press); same engines as the plant above
2,000 MW
for the first phases; deliveries Sept. 2026 to Aug. 2027, with vendor financing (press) News report · Oct. 2026
Full build-out (company goal)Company goal
8,000 MW
up to 8 GW gross by 2031 per the IPO filing; no permit, gas supply or financing behind it SEC filing · Sept. 2026
Proposed
Other sources, size not disclosed

Getting on the grid

Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.

  1. Jan. 2026
    Caterpillar to supply 2 GW of generators
    G3516 gas sets for the first phases, delivered Sept. 2026 to Aug. 2027; Caterpillar said 2 GW would be online by 2027 (press). News report · Oct. 2026
  2. April 2026
    Gas line announced
    Hope Gas's 30-mile Prosperity Line was to start construction in April 2026 (company); no federal or state pipeline certificate was found. Company · Oct. 2026
  3. April 17, 2026
    Air permit application filed
    Monarch Cloud Campus applies to build an off-grid generation plant at 30 Monarch Way. State agency · April 2026
  4. Oct. 2026
    Draft permit out for comment
    Regulators find the plant can meet air rules, with potential emissions of 11 million tons CO2e a year. Not final. State agency · Oct. 2026
  5. April 2027
    Applicant's planned startup
    Monarch Cloud Campus told regulators it expects the plant to start in April 2027. State agency · Oct. 2026
  6. 2028
    Up to 2 GW by mid-2028
    Nscale's IPO filing targets up to 2 GW of gross generation in the first half of 2028. SEC filing · Oct. 2026
  7. Not set
    Grid: none
    No PJM queue position or utility filing was found; Nscale says a later grid tie-in is possible. see Permits

On-site generation on file

Backup generators (emergency use, not a power supply)
Is it running?

Evidence from space

NO2 over the site, net of the rural background, was lower in July–September 2026 (12 µmol/m²) than a year earlier (16), a 27% drop that is within normal swings at this level; the rural background fell 15% (28 to 24). The satellite sees no new combustion large enough to stand out here. On record here: Gas engine plant, phase 1, 2,160 MW, proposed. No rise fits a plant that is not running yet, or runs little; it does not prove either.

See all campuses checked →

NO2 over the campus and over open country (µmol/m²)
020406080Jan 2025AprJulOctJan 2026AprJulOctOver the campusOpen country
020406080Jan 2025JulJan 2026JulOver the campusOpen country
Lines: 7-day (daily) / 3-week (weekly) averages; gaps from cloud filled by straight-line interpolation; dots are raw readings. Shaded: July–September 2025 and 2026, averaging 16 and 12 µmol/m² above open country (0.7×).

What else could explain it

How this works: the Sentinel-5P satellite measures NO2 in the air over every point on Earth once a day, around 1:30 p.m. local time, in pixels about 5.5 by 3.5 km. NO2 comes from burning fuel (turbines, engines, traffic, power plants), so a rise over a site that open country does not share points to new combustion there. It shows combustion activity, not megawatts. The site box is about 15 km across; the background box is open country about 58 km away. We use only high-quality readings and drop days or weeks when cloud hides more than half of either box. Data: Copernicus Sentinel-5P (ESA), processed with the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Sentinel Hub statistics service.

Permits

Permits checklist

1 enforcement · 5 pending · 2 granted · 3 checked, nothing on file

State approvals carry this campus. A 2025 state law lets certified projects skip county zoning and building permits.

Risks

What could slow it down

Money

Money on record

$44.6B
most Anthropic could pay over the GPU agreements
up to; multi-year terms; Anthropic can drop late tranches SEC filing · Sept. 2026
$87.5M
cash Nscale paid for American Intelligence & Power
March 2026, plus 36.8 million Series C shares SEC filing · March 2026
$64.9B
announced investment for Nscale Phase One
per the State Treasurer, Oct. 2026; the 2023 plan was $5B at 1 GW State agency · Oct. 2026
$12.48B
estimated taxable value, including the power plant
State Treasurer estimate, Oct. 2026 State agency · Oct. 2026
$62.5M
forgivable state loan, 2023
to Fidelis's Mountaineer GigaSystem for the earlier hydrogen plan; three-year term (press) News report · Oct. 2026
5% of cost
taxable value of high-tech equipment under state law
certified projects' property tax is redirected from normal local shares; no county tax deal found State agency · Oct. 2026

Not on record: binding project financing: none yet, IPO filing, Sept. 18, 2026, Caterpillar offers vendor equipment financing (press) SEC filing · Sept. 2026

Timeline

What happened, and what is due

SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
  1. Feb. 18, 2021
    Paper trail Fidelis New Energy LLC registered in Delaware
  2. Oct. 21, 2022
    Paper trail Mountaineer Gigasystem LLC registered in Delaware and West Virginia
  3. Aug. 2023
    Site Fidelis New Energy announces a hydrogen project and data-center campus in Mason County Company · Oct. 2026
  4. Nov. 28, 2023
    Paper trail Monarch Cloud Campus LLC registered in Delaware and West Virginia
  5. Jan. 2026
    Power Caterpillar agrees to supply 2 GW of gas generator sets, with vendor financing (press) News report · Oct. 2026
  6. March 2026
    Money Nscale buys American Intelligence & Power for $87.5M plus shares; Microsoft signs a 1.35 GW letter of intent (press) SEC filing · March 2026
  7. April 17, 2026
    Permits Air permit application filed for the off-grid engine plant State agency · April 2026
  8. July 2026
    Permits State orders stormwater repairs and a partial stop-work after runoff floods neighboring homes State agency · Oct. 2026
  9. Aug. 25, 2026
    Money Anthropic signs GPU services agreements worth up to $44.6B; Microsoft had exited over the summer (press) SEC filing · Aug. 2026
  10. Sept. 3, 2026
    Permits State certifies the campus as a high-impact data center, overriding county zoning News report · Oct. 2026
  11. Sept. 18, 2026
    Money Nscale files for an IPO: up to 2 GW by mid-2028, 8 GW by 2031, no binding financing yet SEC filing · Sept. 2026
  12. Oct. 2026
    Permits Draft air permit released for public comment State agency · Oct. 2026
  13. Oct. 30, 2026
    Permits Written comments close on the draft air permit State agency · Oct. 2026
  14. April 2027
    Power Applicant's planned startup for the engine plant State agency · Oct. 2026
  15. 2028
    Power Nscale targets up to 2 GW of gross generation by mid-2028 SEC filing · Oct. 2026
Construction activity

Building activity by quarter

Since Feb. 2022: 1 FAA filing (Dec. 2025); 70 satellite captures.

FAA filings
Satellite
’22
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 5. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings

Specs

2,250 acres
site in Nscale's IPO filing
SEC filing · Sept. 2026
3 buildings
H-shaped halls in phase 1, each with four power nodes (press)
News report · Oct. 2026
984 engines
864 main gas engines plus 120 auxiliary engines, mostly diesel (press)
State agency · Oct. 2026
Vera Rubin NVL72
Nvidia systems named in the Anthropic agreements
SEC filing · Sept. 2026
About 360 acres
to be disturbed for data centers No. 2 and No. 3
State agency · Oct. 2026
Who is involved

Owners, partners and builders

Owners
  • Nscale: UK AI cloud company; bought the developer in March 2026 and filed for a NYSE listing in Sept. 2026
  • American Intelligence & Power: original campus developer, a joint venture of Fidelis New Energy and 8090 Industries (press)
  • Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC: site owner and permit applicant
  • Fidelis New Energy: began the project in 2023 as the Mountaineer GigaSystem
Customers
  • Anthropic: GPU services agreements, signed Aug. 25, 2026
  • Microsoft: 1.35 GW letter of intent in March 2026; exited in summer 2026 (press)
Decision-makers
  • West Virginia DEP: air, water and stormwater permits
  • West Virginia Department of Commerce: high-impact certification, announced by Governor Morrisey
  • Mason County Commission: no approval role under state law
  • State Treasurer Larry Pack: tax impact report
Power partners
  • Caterpillar and Caterpillar Financial: G3516 gas generator sets and vendor financing (press)
  • Hope Gas: 30-mile Prosperity Line
Advisers
  • Environmental Resources Management: prepared the state waters applications (press)
Opponents
  • Mason WV United; West Virginia Citizen Action Group
Still unknown

Open questions

Where this comes from

411 records from 39 documents

Drawn from news reports, state agency records, public and commercial datasets, business registries, satellite captures, company statements and securities filings, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.

News report 18State agency 11Dataset 5Satellite 4Company 3SEC filing 2
Evidence

Every quote behind this page

Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.

Power (58)
  • Site municipality: Point Pleasant, Mason County, WV (30 Monarch Way / Airport Road)
    “Facility Location: 30 Monarch Way (The intersection of Ohio River Road (Route 62) and Airport Rd) Point Pleasant, Mason County, West Virginia”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Generating units on the permit: 864 Caterpillar 3520K engine/generator sets (72 per power node x 12 power nodes), 3,513 hp per engine, SCR and oxidation catalyst, with battery storage
    “Each individual power node will have 72 engine/generator sets to provide electricity for the power node. For the 12 power nodes, there will be a total of 864 engine/generators at the facility.”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Generator maker and model: Caterpillar 3520K
    “Power Node 1 (PN1) - 72 Caterpillar 3520K 3,513 hp/engine Engines with Battery Storage System”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Backup generators: 12 units
    “Auxiliary emission units will consist of 4 emergency generators, 2 fire water pump engines, and 2 fuel gas heaters for each data center hall.”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Owner companies: Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC (site and permit entity)
    “Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC (MCC) applied to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Address: 30 Monarch Way, off Ohio River Road, near the former Mason County Airport, Mason County, WV
    “dedicated data center campus located at 30 Monarch Way, off Ohio River Road near the former Mason County Airport”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Role of the on-site plant: prime (islanded off-grid microgrid)
    “permit to construct an off-grid electric power generation facility to support a dedicated data center campus”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Utility: none (islanded microgrid; no retail utility service)
    “an off-grid electric power generation facility”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Assessed value: 12.48B USD estimated taxable appraised value, Nscale Monarch incl. associated power plant (WV Treasurer estimate, Oct 2026)
    “Nscale Monarch, with an estimated taxable appraised value of $12.48 billion”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Conditions of approval: WVDEP unilateral enforcement order (Jul 2026): repair/strengthen failed stormwater controls; stop land-disturbing work in drainage area where work began before controls installed
    “stop land-disturbing work in a separate drainage area of the project where construction began before the required sediment control structures were installed”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • generator interconnection request (state air permit, off-grid BTM plant): preliminary determination of compliance - draft permit in public comment (written comments due October 30, 2026); permit not yet issued
    “The DAQ determined that the proposed facility can meet applicable state and federal air quality requirements”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • WVDEP unilateral enforcement order for stormwater violations; partial stop-work; corrective actions required and monitored
    “The enforcement order requires Monarch Cloud Campus to immediately repair and strengthen the stormwater controls that failed”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Nscale S-1: the company expects to develop up to 2 GW of gross power generation capacity by H1 2028. Kept separate from the 2,160 MW WVDEP draft-permit fleet figure carried in mw generation onsite.
    “We expect to develop up to 2 GW of gross power generation capacity by the first half of 2028”
    SEC filing · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • IT capacity: 6500
    “with a power generation capacity runway scalable to over 6.5 GW of IT load power and over 8 GW of gross power”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • On-site generation: 8000
    “an approximately 2,250-acre site which can deliver up to 8GW of gross behind-the-meter power”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • On-site generation: 2000
    “We expect to develop up to 2 GW of gross power generation capacity by the first half of 2028”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Interconnection status: None by design - behind-the-meter microgrid, not grid-connected per plan (Monarch Compute Campus, Mason County WV, PJM territory): grid load position = none; the campus is supplied by on-site gene
    “an approximately 2,250-acre site which can deliver up to 8GW of gross behind-the-meter power”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Current target date: H1 2028
    “We expect to develop up to 2 GW of gross power generation capacity by the first half of 2028”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Facility address: 30 Monarch Way, off Ohio River Road near the former Mason County Airport, Mason County, WV address
    “a permit to construct an off-grid electric power generation facility to support a dedicated data center campus located at 30 Monarch Way, off Ohio River Road near the former Mason County Airport”
    State agency · April 2026 · grade A
  • Daq site coordinates: 38.914258, -82.100935
    “located at 30 Monarch Way, off Ohio River Road near the former Mason County Airport, in Mason County, West Virginia (latitude 38.914258°, longitude -82.100935°)”
    State agency · April 2026 · grade A
  • generator interconnection request (state air permit for an off-grid behind-the-m: construction permit application received April 17, 2026
    “On April 17, 2026, Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC (MCC) applied to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality (DAQ), for a permit to construct an off-grid electric power generation facility”
    State agency · April 2026 · grade A
  • Sponsor acquisition: Nscale acquired 100% of American Intelligence & Power Corporation (AIPCorp), incl. Monarch Compute Campus
    “In March 2026, we acquired 100% of the share capital of American Intelligence & Power Corporation”
    SEC filing · March 2026 · grade A
  • Parcel owner: COUNTY COURT OF MASON COUNTY
    “WV Statewide Parcels point query at the campus anchor (38.914258,-82.100935) returns parcel 26140203007600000000: FullOwnerName 'COUNTY COURT OF MASON COUNTY', address 'AIRPORT RD', 84.93 ac. The campus is a multi-parcel assembly; this is the anchor-point parcel, NOT the Sporn tract”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Nearest power line: 1.47 km (unnamed)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest power line of 230 kV or more: 1.79 km (Kyger - Sporn 345 kV transmission line)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest substation: 2.36 km (unnamed)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest gas pipeline: 7.44 km (Columbia Gas Transmission)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Power plants within 5 km: 1.99 km (Kyger Creek Power Plant)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest water feature: 0.63 km (unnamed)
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Nearest data center: none within 50 km on the map
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Gas lateral: Prosperity Line (Hope Gas)
    “No FERC docket or WV PSC certificate case for the Prosperity Line located; WV PSC method validated on other Hope Gas cases”
    Dataset · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Announced: Aug. 2023 (Fidelis Mountaineer GigaSystem / Monarch Cloud Campus site selection announced)
    “Fidelis New Energy to build hydrogen project and data center campus in Mason County”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Original target date: 2028 Phase 1
    “Fully built out, the data center capacity could reach 1,000 MW, representing over $5 billion in additional investment”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Headline 8,000 MW (gross power aspiration) vs 2,160 MW draft-permitted generation vs 460 MW contracted IT (Anthropic) vs 0 MW financed or built, 8 GW has no permit, ESA, or financing behind it
    “MCC anticipates a facility startup date of April 2027”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Caterpillar to supply AIP Corp with 2 GW of fast-response natural gas generator sets (G3516) for the Monarch campus's initial phases, deliveries scheduled Sep 2026-Aug 2027, paired with battery storage; 2 GW expected onl
    “Caterpillar will supply AIP with 2GW of fast-response natural gas generator sets to support the initial phases of the project”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Generation engines planned: 864 natural-gas reciprocating engines (12 power nodes x 72 primary engines; three data center halls), per DAQ preliminary determination for R14-0042 as summarized in trade coverage of the draf
    “Each node would contain 72 primary natural-gas engines, producing a campus total of 864”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Aliases: Monarch Cloud Campus; Mountaineer GigaSystem; Monarch AI Data Center System (system incl. Expansion MCC/EMC2 at Lakin)
    “The Mountaineer Gigasystem is the intended power source for the 2,300-acre Monarch AI Data Center System”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Developer: Nscale (agreement to acquire American Intelligence & Power Corp, Mar 2026)
    “Nscale has signed an agreement to acquire American Intelligence & Power Corporation, including its up to 8GW Monarch Compute Campus”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Stated campus size: 8,000 MW
    “including its up to 8GW Monarch Compute Campus in West Virginia”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • IT capacity: 460 (Anthropic dedicated GPU infrastructure, first building, signed Aug 2026) MW
    “Anthropic will receive 460 megawatts of dedicated GPU infrastructure at Nscale's Monarch Compute Campus”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • IT capacity: 1350 (Microsoft LOI, Mar 2026, exited summer 2026; not current) MW
    “signed a letter of intent (LOI) with Microsoft that will see the tech giant leasing 1.35GW of AI compute capacity”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Phases: Phase 1 (draft-permitted): 3 H-shaped buildings, 12 power nodes; full build-out to 8 GW hoped by 2031
    “The data center itself consists of three H-shaped buildings. Each building will have four power nodes”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • On-site generation: 2160 (864 x 2.5 MW reciprocating engines, draft permit R14-0042)
    “this first phase of the Monarch Compute Campus will be a 2.16-gigawatt natural gas-fired off-grid facility”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Generating units on the permit: 864 main engines + 120 auxiliary engines (6 gas, rest diesel: emergency, fire water, fuel-gas heating)
    “It will rely on 864 reciprocating internal combustion engines and associated equipment. Another 120 engines”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • On-site power technology: reciprocating engines (natural gas) + battery energy storage
    “the equipment will be paired with battery energy storage systems to manage the rapid load fluctuations associated with AI workloads”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Generator maker and model: Caterpillar G3516 (G3500 series) gensets
    “Caterpillar will supply the campus with its G3516 natural gas gensets”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Power plan: onsite (behind-the-meter microgrid; HB 2014 certified microgrid; Nscale says future grid tie-in possible)
    “The Monarch Compute Campus will initially be powered by an on-site microgrid, but will have the opportunity to tie in to the grid”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Grid operator: PJM (geographic only; campus not grid-connected per plan)
    “initially be powered by an on-site microgrid”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Electric service agreement signed: none found (no utility ESA; state route is HB 2014 high-impact certification, granted Sep 3 2026)
    “Morrisey on Sept. 3 announced that his Department of Commerce had certified the Nscale project under the state's high-impact data center program”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Gas supplier: Hope Gas, Inc., Prosperity Line, 30-mile natural gas pipeline
    “The 30-mile pipeline — a component of AIPCorp's Monarch Compute Campus in Mason County — will begin construction in April 2026”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Current target date: late 2027 (first Anthropic capacity); H1 2028; 2031 (full build-out)
    “2 gigawatts (2,000 megawatts) of gross power capacity targeted for commissioning by the first half of 2028”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Delay (months): unknown (power plan replaced wholesale: hydrogen FidelisH2 (2023) to gas reciprocating-engine microgrid (2026); first-capacity claims conflict: Caterpillar 2 GW online by 2027 vs Nscale H1 2028)
    “Power delivery is expected to begin in 2026, with 2GW expected online by 2027”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Stage: announced / site-prep only: draft (not final) air permit, no utility ESA, no binding project financing, anchor capacity contracted but financing-conditioned
    “Nscale said it had no binding commitments for required project financing when the prospectus was filed”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Heavy-rain event overwhelmed site controls; sediment-laden water entered neighboring residential properties; Stand.earth/Gazette-Mail report flooding on three occasions and polluted stormwater reaching the Ohio River
    “The site has had flooding incidents on three separate occasions”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Vendor/company timeline claims conflict: Caterpillar release says 2 GW online by 2027; air permit anticipates plant startup Apr 2027 (draft); Nscale/prospectus reporting targets 2 GW gross commissioning H1 2028, first re
    “Power delivery is expected to begin in 2026, with 2GW expected online by 2027”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • HB 2014 high-impact certification granted by WV Dept. of Commerce; certified projects exempt from county/municipal zoning, building permits and licensing; certification filings confidential, explains absence of county a
    “certified high-impact data center and microgrid projects are exempt from county and municipal requirements including zoning, building permits”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • WV EDA forgivable loan ($62.5M, Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC): forgiveness conditions and repayment/default clauses were never captured anywhere in this folder; only the amount and 3-year term appear, via press
    “the West Virginia Economic Development Authority approved a forgivable $62.5 million loan with a three-year term for Fidelis subsidiary Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Announced: Aug. 16, 2023
    “announce the selection of Mason County, West Virginia for a lifecycle carbon neutral ("net-zero") hydrogen production facility and low carbon microgrid — The Mountaineer GigaSystem™ ("Mountaineer") and the Monarch Cloud Campus™ for data centers powered by net-zero hydrogen”
    News report · Aug. 2023 · grade C
Money and contracts (39)
  • land disposal: acreage and condition 125.56 acres; sale proceeds to Jackson County Airport acres
    “the proceeds of the sale of the airport property, as well as the unamortized portion of a grant received by Mason County for the airport in 2015, will be provided to Jackson County Airport”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Anthropic agreements value: up to approx. 44.6
    “The Anthropic Services Agreements provide for aggregate payments to us of up to approximately $44.6 billion”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Financing: No binding commitments for any financings required under the Anthropic Services Agreements (prospectus, as of filing)
    “we have not obtained binding commitments for any of the financings required to fund performance under the Anthropic Services Agreements, and all such financings remain in process”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • GPU services: scope four GPU Services Agreements via wholly-owned Nscale subsidiaries agreements
    “we entered into a series of GPU Services Agreements (collectively, the "Anthropic Services Agreements") with Anthropic PBC ("Anthropic"), pursuant to which we agreed to provide Anthropic with dedicated GPU infrastructure services at our Monarch Compute Campus”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • GPU services: contract value 44600000000 USD aggregate payments, up to approx.
    “The Anthropic Services Agreements provide for aggregate payments to us of up to approximately $44.6 billion”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • termination / amendment: termination Anthropic may terminate any tranche without liability if delivery timelines are missed termination right
    “if we fail to meet agreed delivery timelines for any tranche, Anthropic may be entitled to terminate that tranche without liability”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • termination / amendment: termination financing not yet committed as of prospectus date financing condition
    “we have not obtained binding commitments for any of the financings required to fund performance under the Anthropic Services Agreements”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • GPU services agreements (signed): termination (tranche, missed delivery deadlines) Anthropic may terminate a tranche without liability if Nscale fails to meet agreed delivery timelines; agreements provide only limited re
    “if Nscale fails to meet agreed delivery timelines for a tranche, Anthropic may terminate that tranche without liability”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • GPU services agreements (signed): financing condition (best efforts) Nscale must use best efforts to obtain qualifying financing for the required GPU equipment and data center infrastructure at Monarch within a specified
    “Nscale must use best efforts to obtain qualifying financing within a specified period”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • GPU services agreements (signed): scope / extension options Four agreements, each between Anthropic and a wholly owned Nscale subsidiary, for dedicated GPU infrastructure (NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72) at the Monarch Compute
    “each with a multi-year service term commencing on acceptance of the applicable tranche and subject to extension options exercisable at Anthropic's election”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Nscale Ltd S-1 (filed Sept. 18, 2026) is the first primary disclosure for this campus: it confirms the March 2026 AIPCorp acquisition ($87.5M cash + Series C shares) and converts the reported Anthropic deal into a signed pri
    “On August 25, 2026, we entered into a series of GPU Services Agreements (collectively, the "Anthropic Services Agreements") with Anthropic PBC”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Anthropic Services Agreements carry delivery-timeline risk: per S-1 risk factors, if Nscale misses agreed delivery timelines for any tranche, Anthropic may terminate that tranche without liability
    “if we fail to meet agreed delivery timelines for any tranche, Anthropic may be entitled to terminate that tranche without liability”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Anthropic agreements date: Aug. 25, 2026
    “On August 25, 2026, we entered into a series of GPU Services Agreements (collectively, the "Anthropic Services Agreements") with Anthropic PBC”
    SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
  • Tenants: Anthropic PBC, four GPU Services Agreements via Nscale subsidiaries; aggregate payments up to ~$44.6B; Vera Rubin NVL72; multi-year terms, extension at Anthropic election USD 44.6B cap
    “The Anthropic Services Agreements provide for aggregate payments to us of up to approximately $44.6 billion”
    SEC filing · Aug. 2026 · grade A
  • Acquisition consideration: $87.5M cash plus 36,778,740 Series C ordinary shares USD + shares
    “for cash consideration of $87.5 million and 36,778,740 Series C ordinary Shares”
    SEC filing · March 2026 · grade A
  • Stated capital cost: 64.9B USD announced planned investment attributed to Nscale Phase One (WV Treasurer, Oct 13 2026); 2023-era plan was $5B at 1 GW
    “The companies' announced planned investments total $64.9 billion for Nscale Phase One and $12 billion for Tamarack”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Incentives: WV EDA forgivable loan $62.5M to Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC (2023); HB 2014 high-impact certification (Sep 3 2026) with statutory property-tax redirection and county preemption; High-Technology Business Prope
    “Following the passage of the Power Generation and Consumption Act of 2025 (HB2014), taxable property income was redirected away from standard allocations”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • operating / pore-space agreement: exclusive CCS rights exclusive rights for CCS in certain areas
    “an operating agreement which determines the terms for the targeted storage capacity and the pore space agreement establishing exclusive rights for CCS”
    Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • county PILOT / tax abatement: status none found, no county PILOT located; HB 2014 redirects high-impact data center property tax by statute (30% county jurisdictions / 70% state funds per EY study) and preempts county a
    “taxable property income was redirected away from standard allocations for high-impact data centers”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Tenants: Anthropic (signed GPU Services Agreements, Aug 25 2026); Microsoft (LOI Mar 2026, exited summer 2026)
    “Anthropic will receive 460 megawatts of dedicated GPU infrastructure at Nscale's Monarch Compute Campus in Mason County, West Virginia”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Tenant status: signed agreement (Anthropic, reported from Nscale prospectus; subject to financing and delivery-deadline termination rights); Microsoft LOI only, exited
    “permit Anthropic to terminate affected deployments without liability if delivery misses specified deadlines”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Financing: No binding commitments for required Monarch project financing at prospectus filing (Sep 18 2026); Caterpillar Financial vendor equipment financing announced, subject to customary terms
    “Nscale said it had no binding commitments for required project financing when the prospectus was filed”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • forgivable loan: amount 62500000 USD
    “the West Virginia Economic Development Authority approved a forgivable $62.5 million loan with a three-year term for Fidelis subsidiary Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • forgivable loan: term 3 years
    “a 2023 West Virginia Economic Development Authority $62.5 million forgivable loan approval for Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • equipment purchase agreement: capacity 2,000 MW
    “Caterpillar will supply AIP with 2GW of fast-response natural gas generator sets to support the initial phases”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • equipment purchase agreement: delivery window Sep 2026 - Aug 2027
    “deliveries scheduled between September 2026 and August 2027”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • equipment purchase agreement: vendor financing amount undisclosed; subject to customary terms and conditions
    “Caterpillar Financial will also provide vendor equipment financing, subject to customary terms and conditions, aligned with phased equipment deliveries”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • letter of intent (non-binding): capacity 1,350 MW
    “Letters of intent are generally not legally binding”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • letter of intent (non-binding): status exited summer 2026; Microsoft declined to comment
    “Bloomberg reported that Microsoft exited the Monarch arrangement earlier this summer”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • GPU services agreements (signed): value (up to) 44600000000 USD
    “signed a series of GPU Services Agreements committing up to approximately $44.6 billion to Nscale over the term of the contract”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • GPU services agreements (signed): capacity 460 MW
    “Anthropic will receive 460 megawatts of dedicated GPU infrastructure at Nscale's Monarch Compute Campus”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • GPU services agreements (signed): financing condition / termination right Anthropic may terminate affected deployments without liability if delivery misses specified deadlines; termination also possible if qualifying fin
    “Nscale must arrange financing for equipment and infrastructure at its Monarch campus in West Virginia”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Microsoft exited its 1.35 GW Monarch LOI (summer 2026, Bloomberg-sourced); Anthropic signed GPU Services Agreements (460 MW, up to ~$44.6B) on Aug 25 2026 per Nscale prospectus reporting
    “Microsoft quietly abandoned the project, declining to comment on the news”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Nscale prospectus: no binding commitments for required Monarch project financing at filing; Anthropic agreements terminable if qualifying financing unavailable or delivery deadlines missed
    “Nscale said it had no binding commitments for required project financing when the prospectus was filed”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Caterpillar / Caterpillar Financial equipment purchase and vendor-financing agreements (2 GW G3516 sets for AIPCorp): termination and cancellation clauses were never captured anywhere in this folder; only capacity, the S
    “Caterpillar Financial will also provide vendor equipment financing, subject to customary terms and conditions, aligned with phased equipment deliveries”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • phase delivery: delivery 460 MW
    “The contract will cover Nvidia Vera Rubin AI chips at the site, which are expected to come online late next year”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • termination / amendment: termination LOI lapsed, reported summer 2026 LOI status
    “Microsoft let a 1.35 GW letter of intent at Monarch lapse over the summer after reviewing its on-site power share”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • GPU services: capacity 460 MW, capacity basis as reported; the S-1 states no MW for this deal
    “Anthropic will lease 460MW of capacity for a period of six years from Nscale's campus in West Virginia”
    News report · Aug. 2026 · grade C
  • tenant lease: capacity 1,350 MW (1.35 GW as reported)
    “the company has also signed a letter of intent (LOI) with Microsoft that will see the tech giant leasing 1.35GW of AI compute capacity from Nscale at the site”
    News report · March 2026 · grade C
Permits and government (17)
  • Monarch Campus Data Center No. 2, Airport Road, Point Pleasant, WV 25550 (38.909: State Waters Permit application in public comment (comments through Oct. 26, 2026)
    “Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC has requested West Virginia State Waters Permits under W; Va”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Monarch Campus Data Center No. 3, Airport Road, Point Pleasant, WV 25550 (38.916: State Waters Permit application in public comment (comments through Oct. 26, 2026)
    “Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC has requested West Virginia State Waters Permits under W; Va”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • air quality construction permit (NSR, 45CSR14): application filed
    “On April 17, 2026, Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC (MCC) applied”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • air quality construction permit (NSR, 45CSR14): draft permit issued; public comment open
    “The WVDEP Division of Air Quality (DAQ) has completed a preliminary evaluation of Permit Application R14-0042”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • state waters permit: application filed (Data Center No. 2)
    “Data Center No. 2 will impact 1.78 acres of Palustrine Forested Wetland”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • state waters permit: application filed (Data Center No. 3)
    “Data Center No. 3 will impact 0.38 acres of Palustrine Emergent Wetland, 2.31 acres of Palustrine Forested Wetland”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Clean Water Act 401 water quality certification: public notice published
    “State Water Quality Certification, as required by Section 401 of the Clean Water Act, has been requested of the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • stormwater / construction permit enforcement: order issued after Jul 11 2026 storm event
    “WVDEP has issued a unilateral enforcement order to Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC following an investigation into stormwater permit violations”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • airport closure and federal land release: notice of proposed permanent closure and disposal
    “allow for the disposal of the entire 125.56 acres of federally obligated airport property”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • WV DEP Division of Air Quality: Public workshop (5-6 p.m.) and public meeting (6 p.m.), Point Pleasant High School, draft air permit R14-0042
    “Public Workshop & Public Meeting, Tuesday, October 20, 2026, Point Pleasant High School, 280 Scenic Drive, Point Pleasant, WV”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • WV DEP Division of Water and Waste Management: Public workshop and meeting on State Waters Permits SWP-26-0002 and SWP-26-0003, Point Pleasant High School
    “Informal Public Workshop & Public Meeting, Monday, October 26, 2026, Point Pleasant High School”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • WV DEP Division of Air Quality: Virtual public hearing on draft air permit R14-0042 (Google Meet/telephone, registration required)
    “Virtual Public Meeting, Thursday, October 29, 2026, 6:00 p.m., Google Meet/Telephone”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • permit type=generator interconnection request (state air permit for an off-grid : construction permit application received April 17, 2026
    “On April 17, 2026, Monarch Cloud Campus, LLC (MCC) applied to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality (DAQ), for a permit to construct an off-grid electric power generation facility”
    State agency · April 2026 · grade A
  • Construction stage: site preparation / land disturbance underway (2026); WVDEP enforcement order Jul 2026; no vertical construction or energization evidenced
    “Work in that area cannot resume until the necessary controls are in place and WVDEP verifies the site is in compliance”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • FAA case crane: 2026-AEA-11763-OE 'Monarch Cloud Campus Warehouse', mobile crane 150 ft, at 38.87145, -82.13421; Determined - No Hazard case
    “Monarch Cloud Campus Warehouse”
    FAA · Sept. 2026 · grade B
  • high-impact data center certification (HB 2014): certified; announced by Gov. Morrisey
    “Morrisey on Sept. 3 announced that his Department of Commerce had certified the Nscale project”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Mason County Commission: Residents pressed commissioners on Monarch flooding, low water pressure, Route 62 traffic; commissioners stated issues fall outside their authority under state law; DOH meeting set on widening Ro
    “Mason County residents press commissioners on new data center”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
Legal (1)
  • Source record
    “No state-court case naming Monarch Cloud Campus LLC located in web searches, 2026-10-18”
    Dataset · Oct. 2026 · grade C
Site and other (13)
  • Name: Monarch Compute Campus
    “proposed Monarch Cloud Campus in Mason County”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
  • Site area: 2250 acres (approximate)
    “The Monarch Compute Campus expands our U.S. footprint with an approximately 2,250-acre site”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Full build plan: Expansion to approx. 8 GW gross capacity planned for 2031
    “expansion to approximately 8 GWs of gross capacity planned for 2031”
    SEC filing · Sept. 2026 · grade A
  • Data-center buildings on the map: 0
    Measured on OpenStreetMap map data.
    OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
  • Anticipated startup: April 2027 (applicant anticipation stated in WVDEP notice)
    “MCC anticipates a facility startup date of April 2027”
    State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
  • Acres: 2250 acres
    “The campus, dubbed Monach Compute Campus, spans 2,250 acres in Mason County, West Virginia”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Buildings: 3 (Phase 1) buildings
    “The data center itself consists of three H-shaped buildings”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Opposition: Mason WV United (grassroots group); WV Citizen Action Group; Change.org petition for binding local input; residents appearing at Mason County Commission meetings
    “a local grassroots group Mason WV United forming specifically to fight this project and ones like it”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Moratoria: none (county preempted by HB 2014; commissioners state flooding/water issues fall outside their authority under current state law)
    “Commissioners said those issues fall outside their authority under current state law”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Water use stated: closed-loop cooling (reported); State Waters applications SWP-26-0002 (DC No. 2, ~193 ac disturbance) and SWP-26-0003 (DC No. 3, ~166 ac)
    “The No. 2 applicant also reports avoidance of 0.03 acre of emergent wetland, 14.48 acres of forested wetland”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Nscale acknowledged runoff reached neighboring property and established a home-purchasing program for residents near the development (per coverage of NBC Nightly News segment, Sep 2026)
    “Nscale acknowledged that runoff from the Monarch site reached neighboring property and established a home-purchasing program”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Opponents reported dust and impacts from site preparation work underway by May 2026 (Moorefield Examiner); construction confirmed by Jul 2026 WVDEP enforcement inspections
    “people who live in the subdivision next to the data center site who complain about dust and other problems from site preparation work that is underway”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
  • Stand.earth states the project is next to a Superfund site (links EPA cumulis); not independently verified in this pass
    “the project is next to a Superfund site loaded with carcinogens”
    News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C

Imagery and records: Satellite imagery: Maxar via Esri World Imagery Wayback; Sentinel-2 (ESA Copernicus).