From orbit
The site from above
1From orbit
The site
Latest clear satellite view, Sept. 7, 2025.
Permits
Permits checklist
2 pending · 1 granted · 2 checked, nothing on file
- ◷Air Contaminant Discharge Permit PendingOregon DEQ · Oct. 9, 2026: under review; issuance paused by the governor until July 1, 2027; application number not public News report · Oct. 2026
- ◷Public hearing on the air permit PendingOregon DEQ · Oct. 13, 2026: residents sent dozens of comments and about 700 signatures asking for an in-person hearing; none scheduled in records News report · Oct. 2026
- ✓Plan and zoning amendment GrantedMorrow County Board of Commissioners · July 16, 2025: about 1,298 acres to General Industrial, exascale data centers only; exceptions to three state land-use goals News report · July 2025
- –Checked, nothing on file: Property tax incentive, Power service agreement
Risks
Why it stopped, what could revive it
- HighAir permit frozenThe governor's pause stops DEQ issuing the permit the campus needs until July 1, 2027, and a hearing request is pending. News report · Oct. 2026
- HighNo power contractOnly a non-binding Pacific Power capacity letter exists; it commits no MW, price or term (press). News report · March 2026
- MediumAmazon has not committedAmazon says development plans are not final and it is performing normal due diligence. News report · Oct. 2026
- MediumWater and local backlashAmazon's existing operations have drawn a nitrate contamination settlement (reported), and the site would draw Port of Morrow water. News report · Oct. 2026
Power
Power and the grid
None energized or contracted yet
Pacific Power grid service (not contracted)Capacity letter only
the 1 GW is the application's stated use; the utility letter commits no MW, price or term News report · March 2026
Proposed
Related generation and energy contracts (context, not added to campus supply)
- Sunstone solar and storage project (regional, off-site) Owned, not linkedAmazon bought this 1.2 GW solar and 1.2 GW storage project in Jan. 2026; it is not tied to this campus in any source News report · Jan. 2026
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- Oct. 30, 2025Amazon sues its utility over serviceAmazon Data Services files a complaint with the state regulator saying PacifiCorp has failed to serve four new campuses; the campuses are unnamed, so this is portfolio context. Utility regulator · Feb. 2026
- 2025Utility capacity letterPacific Power tells the county it has capacity to serve the site over transmission lines already permitted for other data centers; the letter is non-binding. News report · March 2026
- Not setService agreement: none foundNo site-specific electric service or interconnection agreement appears in any source. see Permits
- The nearest 500 kV line is about 1.5 km from the site and the nearest 500 kV switchyard about 12.5 km (open map data). OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
- Amazon already has about 800 acres of data centers running or under construction around Boardman; those are separate from this site. News report · Oct. 2026
What is next door
Distances from mapped lines and plants. OpenStreetMap · Oct. 2026
Money
Money on record
$37M
land purchase from Threemile Canyon Farms
closed March 2026, per property records (press) News report · March 2026
Not on record: incentive agreement or project financing: Enterprise Zone breaks barred for new data centers by HB 4084 until after the 2027 session, the Strategic Investment Program is still open News report · June 2026
Land assembly
1 recorded land document for the campus company in county records (March 2026); 1 lists a price. 1 sale or conveyance by the campus company or to public bodies is not listed. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.
- March 2026 Threemile Canyon Farms LLC to Amazon Data Services Inc · $36.9M County deed records · March 2026
Timeline
What happened, and what is due
SitePaper trailConstructionPowerPermitsMoneyLegalUpcoming
- March 4, 2025Permits City of Boardman's mayor writes in support of the rezoning. Local government · March 2025
- June 18, 2025Permits County commissioners hold the land-use hearing on the rezoning. Local government · June 2025
- July 16, 2025Permits Commissioners adopt the rezoning on second reading, limiting the land to exascale data centers. News report · July 2025
- March 3, 2026Money Land purchase recorded at $36.9M: Threemile Canyon Farms LLC to Amazon Data Services Inc County deed records · March 2026
- March 27, 2026Money Press reports Amazon bought the land for $37M. News report · March 2026
- March 30, 2026Site Amazon confirms the purchase and says development plans are not final. News report · March 2026
- Oct. 9, 2026Permits Gov. Kotek directs DEQ to pause new air and water permits for data centers until July 1, 2027. News report · Oct. 2026
- Oct. 13, 2026Legal Oregon Rural Action presents comments and a petition of about 700 signatures asking for a hearing on the air permit (press). News report · Oct. 2026
- Oct. 24, 2026Permits Public comments due on the state's Data Center Advisory Committee findings. News report · Oct. 2026
- July 1, 2027Permits Oregon's permit pause is set to end. News report · Oct. 2026
Construction activity
Satellite captures by quarter
Since Feb. 2022: 25 satellite captures. The chart starts in the first quarter of 2023; 5 earlier records are not drawn.
Satellite
’23
’24
’25
’26
Dot size: records in the quarter, largest = 2. Two-digit years mark each first quarter.
The buildings
Specs
4 million sq ft
of data centers in the application, in at least 16 buildings (press)
35 million gallons a year
water from the Port of Morrow, up to 1,300 gallons a minute at peak (press)
1,298 acres rezoned
to General Industrial, limited to exascale data centers only
Who is involved
Owners, partners and builders
Owner
- Amazon Data Services, Inc.: developer and landowner
- Threemile Canyon Farms: land seller and zoning applicant
Power and water
- Pacific Power (PacifiCorp): prospective utility
- Port of Morrow: prospective water supplier
Decision-makers
- Morrow County Board of Commissioners
- Oregon DEQ: air permit
- Gov. Tina Kotek: ordered the pause
Advisers and opponents
- Johnson Economics: wrote the land-use proposal
- Oregon Rural Action: opposes the campus
Still unknown
Open questions
- Amazon's final scale and schedule.
- A power supply contract.
- Whether the air permit is granted after the pause.
- The air permit's equipment list and number.
Where this comes from
213 records from 25 documents
Drawn from news reports, state agency records, public and commercial datasets, securities filings, local government records, utility regulator dockets and satellite captures, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
News report 11State agency 5Dataset 4SEC filing 3Local government 2Utility regulator 2Satellite 0
Evidence
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (19)
- Address: South of I-84 off Boardman Airport Lane, approx. 2 miles west of Boardman Airport, Boardman, OR“The property is located approximately two miles west of the Boardman Airport, south of I-84 off Boardman Airport Lane”Local government · June 2025 · grade A
- Interconnection status: No site-specific interconnection or service agreement found“allege PacifiCorp has failed to provide service to four new ADS data center campuses located in PacifiCorp's exclusive service territory”Utility regulator · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Nearest power line of 345 kV or more: 1.47 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest substation of 345 kV or more: 12.49 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- Nearest gas pipeline: 9.12 kmMeasured on OpenStreetMap map data.
- ADS petitions the OPUC to suspend PacifiCorp Advice No. 25-015, Schedule 401 (Service to New Large Energy Use Facilities) and open an investigation (Docket ADV 1790); PacifiCorp responded November 10, 2025. Schedule 401“PacifiCorp d/b/a Pacific Power's Response to Amazon Data Services, Inc.'s Petition to Suspend Tariff Filing and Initiate Investigation and Contested Case Hearing”Utility regulator · Nov. 2025 · grade B
- IT capacity: not stated“Development plans are not final, and Amazon is performing our normal due diligence process”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Power plan: grid“transmission lines that are already permitted to serve other data centers in the area”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Stage: Entitled and land-closed, but pre-construction and uncommitted: Amazon states development plans are not final; no power contract; ACDP approval paused until July 1, 2027“the pause on air and water pollution permits could impact a proposed Amazon hyperscale facility in Boardman”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Paper or real: Real: $37M land purchase closed and rezoning adopted. Paper: Amazon development plan, power supply, air permit and schedule - none committed“Development plans are not final, and Amazon is performing our normal due diligence process as we develop new locations based on customer demand”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Opposition: Oregon Rural Action: dozens of resident comments to DEQ and an approx. 700-signature petition for an in-person hearing on the campus air permit“Local residents have sent dozens of public comments asking the environmental quality department to hold an in-person hearing on the hyperscale facility's air quality permit, and 700 people have signed a petition”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Amazon Boardman fleet / UEC aggregate context only: UEC, which serves Amazon's Boardman fleet, grew from about 1 million megawatt hours in 2010 to nearly 9 million in 2024. No part of that aggregate is allocated to this“The co-op grew from about 1 million megawatt hours in 2010 to nearly 9 million in 2024.”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Previous use: Dairy grazing land (Threemile Canyon Farms megadairy)“The land was previously owned by a giant dairy operation that used it for grazing”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 1,000 MW“The campus could consume 1 gigawatt of power, according to records from the firm cited by the Oregonian”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 1,000 MW“The campus could consume 1 gigawatt of power, according to records from the firm cited by the Oregonian”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Interconnection status: Land secured, entitlement stage only: Amazon confirms the Boardman land purchase with development plans not final; no UEC electric service agreement, interconnection study or Oregon PUC filing nam“Amazon recently purchased land in Boardman, Oregon. Development plans are not final, and Amazon is performing our normal due diligence process as we develop new locations based on customer demand”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Stated campus size: 1,000 MW“The 1-gigawatt project would use more power than all the homes in Portland”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Utility: Pacific Power (PacifiCorp) - indicated in land-use application, not contracted“Pacific Power submitted a letter in conjunction with the application indicating it had the capacity to serve the site's ambitious plans”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Amazon acquires the Sunstone solar+storage project in Morrow County (1.2 GW solar / 1.2 GW storage) from bankrupt Pine Gate Renewables for $83 million, court-approved; six phases of about 200 MW; UEC interconnection agre“Amazon has acquired a shovel-ready solar-plus-storage facility in Morrow County, Oregon”News report · Jan. 2026 · grade C
Money and contracts (16)
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 36915000 USD“Recorded: March 3, 2026 · Price: $36,915,000 · Grantor: THREEMILE CANYON FARMS LLC · Grantee: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”County deed records · March 2026 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD“Recorded: March 3, 2026 · Grantor: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Grantee: THREEMILE CANYON FARMS LLC · Address: 000 ADDRESS EXCEPTION · City: CITY EXCEPTION”County deed records · March 2026 · grade B
- Tenants: Amazon Web Services (owner-operator)“Amazon has purchased 1,300 acres of undeveloped land on the Oregon side of the Columbia River that could one day become a massive computing campus”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Tenant status: owner-occupied“Amazon is performing our normal due diligence process as we develop new locations based on customer demand”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Financing: None disclosed for the campus; Amazon self-funded parent; no project financing announced“it said development plans are not final for the Threemile Canyon site”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- electric service agreement: FINDING: no site-specific ESA, interconnection agreement, or executed power contract for this campus located in any source checked; missing agreement is itself the finding“It's not clear where all that electricity would come from”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- incentive agreement: FINDING: no incentive agreement executed. Application states the property would likely seek Strategic Investment Program breaks; the enterprise-zone route is barred for new data centers by HB 4084 un“the exascale site doesn't have an incentive agreement yet”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Oregon DOJ files a civil complaint against former Morrow County officials over conflicts of interest involving Amazon tax abatements and land deals (the Windwave fiber company; more than $100 million in Amazon payments r“Amazon had paid more than $100 million to a Morrow County fiber-optic company called Windwave”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Amazon reportedly agreed to a $20.5 million settlement of a class-action lawsuit over nitrate contamination of the Lower Umatilla Basin aquifer arising from its existing operations (advocacy-outlet summary; reported only“Amazon agreed to a $20.5 million settlement in March 2026 for a class-action lawsuit over its role in nitrate contamination”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Incentives constraint: HB 4084 (effective June 5, 2026) bars new data centers from Enterprise Zone property tax breaks until 90 days after the 2027 legislative session adjourns; the Strategic Investment Program is unaffect“data centers will also remain eligible for property tax breaks through Oregon's Strategic Investment Program, which is a separate state property tax incentive unaffected by the moratorium”News report · June 2026 · grade C
- Land price: 37000000 USD“Threemile Canyon Farms, a megadairy operating in Morrow County, sold the land to Amazon earlier this month for $37 million”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Square feet: 4000000 sq ft“The application describes 4 million square feet of data centers”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Stated capital cost: 8000000000 to 12000000000 USD“Applicants said they expect developers would spend $8 billion to $12 billion on the exascale data center”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Incentives: No incentive agreement in place; application states the property would likely seek Oregon Strategic Investment Program (SIP) property tax breaks“the exascale site doesn't have an incentive agreement yet. The application says the property would likely seek property tax breaks through Oregon's Strategic Investment Program”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- land purchase: scope - approx. 1,300 acres of former dairy grazing land west of Boardman Airport 37000000 USD“sold the land to Amazon earlier this month for $37 million, according to local property records”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- utility capacity letter (non-binding): scope - letter indicates capacity to serve the site with transmission lines already permitted to serve other data centers in the area; no MW commitment, price, term, or termination“Pacific Power submitted a letter in conjunction with the application indicating it had the capacity to serve the site's ambitious plans with transmission lines that are already permitted”News report · March 2026 · grade C
Permits and government (25)
- OPUC Docket UM 2410: Amazon Data Services files a complaint alleging PacifiCorp breached statutory and contractual duties (2021 commitments) to serve four new ADS data center campuses in its exclusive territory; the camp“On October 30, 2025, ADS filed a complaint against PacifiCorp”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
- OPUC administrative law judge denies PacifiCorp's partial motion to dismiss UM 2410's sixth claim (removal of exclusive service territory); the case proceeds with ADS bearing the burden of proof“DISPOSITION: PARTIAL MOTION TO DISMISS DENIED”Utility regulator · Feb. 2026 · grade A
- Aliases: Threemile Canyon Farms site; Morrow County files ACM-155-25 / AZM-156-25“ACM-155-25 Comprehensive Plan Amendment and AZM-156-25 Zoning Map Amendment. Threemile Canyon Farms, Applicant and Owner”Local government · June 2025 · grade A
- Morrow County Board of Commissioners - Land Use Hearing: ACM-155-25 / AZM-156-25 (approx. 1,298 acres to General Industrial + Limited Use Overlay, exascale data centers only) and ACM-157-25 / AZM-158-25 (approx. 1,605 ac“Public Hearing to begin at 1:30 PM (COMMISSION ACTION REQUIRED): ACM-155-25 Comprehensive Plan Amendment and AZM-156-25 Zoning Map Amendment”Local government · June 2025 · grade A
- City of Boardman (mayor's letter filed in council packet): Support letter for Threemile Canyon Farms comprehensive plan and zoning map amendments (up to 1,264 acres EFU/SAI to General Industrial with Limited Use Overlay)“rezone up to 1,264 acres from Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) and Space Age Industrial (SAI) to General Industrial (MG) with a Limited Use Overlay”Local government · March 2025 · grade A
- FAA cases boardman existing cluster: 6 cases“2026-ANM-4917-OE PDX157; 2026-ANM-4916-OE PDX156; 2026-ANM-4915-OE PDX155; 2026-ANM-4265-OE PDX154”FAA · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- County code: 41049“Board of Commissioners, Morrow County, Oregon”Local government · June 2025 · grade B
- Comprehensive plan and zoning map amendment (companion zoning swap): approved with the ORD-2025-02 package; approx. 1,605 acres rezoned from Space Age Industrial to Exclusive Farm Use (farmland protection swap)“The application proposes to rezone approximately 1,605 acres from Space Age Industrial to Exclusive Farm Use”Local government · June 2025 · grade B
- Name: Amazon Boardman Exascale Campus“Amazon already has 800 acres of data centers operating or under construction around Boardman. Earlier this month, it purchased 1,300 more acres”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air permit status: ACDP application under Oregon DEQ review; issuance paused by Governor directive until July 1, 2027“The pause could affect Amazon's proposed hyperscale facility in Boardman, where an air pollution permit remains under review.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- ACDP approval pause (governor's directive): approvals of new state and federal air and water pollution permits for data center projects paused until July 1, 2027“pause approving new state and federal air and water pollution permits for data center projects until next July”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air quality: Under review; issuance paused until July 1, 2027 by Governor directive of Oct. 9, 2026“Kotek issued the order Friday in a letter to Leah Feldon, director of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Governor Kotek creates a seven-member Data Center Advisory Committee; it holds seven fact-finding meetings over nine months and issues preliminary learnings in mid-September 2026; public comments due October 24, 2026“Kotek's seven-member Data Center Advisory Committee has held seven fact-finding meetings over nine months”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air permit status: ACDP application for the proposed campus under DEQ review in 2026; approval paused by the governor's directive of Oct. 9, 2026 until July 1, 2027; no permit or application number retrievable (Your DEQ Onli“An air pollution permit the company needs to build the facility is under review and approval is ultimately up to Feldon's discretion”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Air Contaminant Discharge Permit (ACDP) application: application under review; residents submitted dozens of comments and an approx. 700-signature petition requesting an in-person hearing; no permit issued“An air pollution permit the company needs to build the facility is under review”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Permit pause directive: Governor Kotek letter to DEQ Director Feldon directing pause on air and water permit issuance for new or expanded data centers until July 1, 2027“DEQ is still evaluating implementation of the order, but we have put a pause on the issuance of new or renewed air and water quality permits for data center facilities. This applies to both new and pending applications.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Oregon POWER Act (HB 3546) signed: investor-owned utilities must create a separate rate class for large energy users / data centers so residential customers do not subsidize data center power costs“The POWER Act, which became law in 2025, required investor-owned utility companies in Oregon to create a separate class for data centers”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
- Oregon Legislature passes HB 4084: one-year moratorium on Enterprise Zone property tax breaks for new data centers (effective June 5, 2026; runs until 90 days after the 2027 session adjourns). The Strategic Investment Pr“A moratorium included as part of House Bill 4084 makes new data centers ineligible for property tax breaks through Oregon's Enterprise Zones tax incentive program”News report · June 2026 · grade C
- Operator: Amazon Web Services“Amazon Web Services (AWS) has acquired 1,300 acres of land near Boardman in Morrow County, Oregon, potentially for a data center project”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Developer: Amazon Data Services Inc.“Amazon recently purchased land in Boardman, Oregon. Development plans are not final”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Announced: March 30, 2026“Amazon recently purchased land in Boardman, Oregon”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Rezoning date: July 16, 2025“adopted an ordinance amending plan and zone designations for a large parcel (ORD 2025-02) by second reading”News report · July 2025 · grade C
- Land use status: Rezoned to General Industrial with Limited Use Overlay (exascale data centers only); Goal 3, 11 and 14 exceptions adopted (ORD-2025-02); companion swap rezoned approx. 1,605 acres SAI to EFU“adopts limited-use overlay provisions and exceptions to statewide planning goals 3, 11 and 14 as described in the staff packet”News report · July 2025 · grade C
- Comprehensive plan and zoning map amendment: approved - ORD-2025-02 adopted on second reading; approx. 1,298 acres SAI/EFU to General Industrial with Limited Use Overlay (exascale data centers only); exceptions to Statew“adopted an ordinance amending plan and zone designations for a large parcel (ORD 2025-02) by second reading”News report · July 2025 · grade C
- Morrow County Board of Commissioners: Second reading and adoption of Ordinance ORD-2025-02 (plan and zone amendments for the Threemile Canyon application; Limited Use Overlay; Goal 3/11/14 exceptions); final findings of“The board conducted the second reading by title only and adopted Ordinance ORD 2025-02”News report · July 2025 · grade C
Site and other (9)
- Acres: 1298 acres“rezone approximately 1,298 acres from Space Age Industrial (SAI) and Exclusive Farm (EFU) to General Industrial with a Limited Use Overlay Zone”Local government · June 2025 · grade A
- Construction stage: not stated“Amazon has purchased 1,300 acres of undeveloped land”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Site area: 1300 acres“Amazon has purchased 1,300 acres of undeveloped land on the Oregon side of the Columbia River”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Construction stage: none land acquired“Development plans are not final, and Amazon is performing our normal due diligence process as we develop new locations based on customer demand”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Acres: 1300 acres“Earlier this month, it purchased 1,300 more acres for Oregon's first exascale data center”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Land control date: March 2026“sold the land to Amazon earlier this month”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Buildings: 16 to 20 buildings“divided among at least 16 separate buildings”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Workforce estimate: 560 jobs“employing about 560”News report · March 2026 · grade C
- Water use stated: 35 million gallons per year from Port of Morrow; up to 1,300 gallons per minute peak“access to 35 million gallons of water annually from the Port of Morrow, according to the application, up to 1,300 gallons per minute to meet peak demand”News report · March 2026 · grade C
Imagery and records: Satellite imagery: Maxar via Esri World Imagery Wayback. County deeds: ATTOM.