Power and the grid
Contracted, size not disclosed
- Grid power from Umatilla Electric Cooperative Self-supply agreement (regional)no campus-specific MW is public; a 2023 Amazon-cooperative deal lets Amazon choose its energy supply State agency · Oct. 2026
Getting on the grid
Who supplies what, what it costs, and what is still not public.
- 2023Amazon and the cooperative sign a self-supply dealAmazon takes on selecting the energy supply for its Umatilla and Morrow county data centers; the cooperative delivers it. Company · Oct. 2026
- Not setCampus service agreement: none publicNo PDX170-specific service agreement, MW figure or Oregon PUC filing was found (the cooperative is consumer-owned). Company · Oct. 2026
- Oregon's environmental agency found most of the state's rise in unspecified wholesale power purchases comes from the cooperative buying power for Amazon data centers (press). News report · Oct. 2026
- The 352 MW figure in the permit is diesel backup nameplate, not supply.
Permits checklist
3 granted · 1 checked, nothing on file
Approvals a campus like this normally needs (including an air permit for backup or on-site generators), and what we found.
- ✓Land use compatibility statement GrantedMorrow County · Aug. 30, 2022: required before the state air permit State agency · Sept. 2024
- ✓Standard air permit for 138 backup generators GrantedOregon Department of Environmental Quality · Sept. 23, 2024: no comments or hearing request during the Aug. to Sept. 2024 notice State agency · Sept. 2024
- ✓Cleaner Air Oregon risk assessment GrantedOregon Department of Environmental Quality · Sept. 23, 2024: completed; only worker cancer risk exceeded the action level, and the permit adds risk limits State agency · Sept. 2024
- –Checked, nothing on file: Water and land-quality permits
What could slow it down
- HighExpansion frozenThe governor's pause blocks any new, modified or expanded approval until July 1, 2027, and Amazon warned it would halt planned investment (press). News report · Oct. 2026
- MediumPower demand scrutinyThe state links a large rise in wholesale power purchases to Amazon load served by the cooperative, which keeps attention on the region's data centers. News report · Oct. 2026
- MediumIncentive politicsA state complaint alleges former local officials profited around the enterprise-zone program that covers this campus. see Lawsuits
- WatchNearby oppositionOrganized opposition and a hearing petition target a separate Amazon hyperscale air permit in Boardman, not this campus, whose own notice drew none. News report · Oct. 2026
1 case on record
- Filed July 2025 State of Oregon v. former Morrow County and Port of Morrow officialsOregon civil court News report · July 2025allegation that officials who voted on Amazon's enterprise-zone incentives profited from a fiber company sale; defendants are the officials, not Amazon
Money on record
1 recorded land document for the campus company in county records (July 2021); 1 lists a price. 1 sale or conveyance by the campus company or to public bodies is not listed. Parcel counts come from the deed; acreage is not recorded.
- July 2021 Port of Morrow to Amazon Data Services Inc · $3M · 1 parcel County deed records · July 2021
What happened, and what is due
- May 6, 2020Money Morrow County adopts the 15-year enterprise zone tax agreement with Amazon Local government · May 2020
- July 23, 2021Money Land purchase recorded at $3M: Port of Morrow to Amazon Data Services Inc (1 parcel) County deed records · July 2021
- May 2022Site Amazon files plans in Morrow County for five more data centers at about $11.8B (press) News report · May 2022
- Aug. 30, 2022Permits County approves land use compatibility for the PDX170 site State agency · Sept. 2024
- Nov. 16, 2022Permits Amazon applies to the state for an air permit State agency · Sept. 2024
- May 10, 2023Money Port of Morrow gives final approval to tax breaks for five Amazon data centers, about $1B (press) News report · May 2023
- Sept. 20, 2024Permits Public comment closes with no comments and no hearing request State agency · Sept. 2024
- Sept. 23, 2024Permits State issues the air permit for 138 backup generators across five buildings State agency · Sept. 2024
- Oct. 9, 2026Permits Governor orders a pause on new data-center air and water permit approvals; the 2024 permit stands News report · Oct. 2026
- July 1, 2027Permits Pause on new approvals is due to lift News report · Oct. 2026
- Sept. 1, 2029Permits Air permit expires and needs renewal State agency · Sept. 2024
Building activity by quarter
Since Oct. 2025: 6 OSHA inspections.
Specs
- No water permit: state had issued no water or land-quality permit as of Sept. 2024 State agency · Sept. 2024
Owners, partners and builders
- Amazon Data Services, Inc.: permit holder and operator
- Amazon.com, Inc.: parent
- Morrow County commissioners: land use and tax agreement
- Port of Morrow and City of Boardman: enterprise zone sponsors
- Oregon Department of Environmental Quality: air permit
- Governor Tina Kotek: permit pause
- Umatilla Electric Cooperative: serving utility
- Columbia River Enterprise Zone II Board: tax agreement
- Suffolk Construction CO Inc: general contractor
- Coastal Steel Incorporated: structural steel contractor
- E C Company: electrical contractor
- Suffolk Construction CO Inc - Osha inspection: 2 OSHA inspections
- Coastal Steel Incorporated - Osha inspection: 1 OSHA inspection
- E C Company - Osha inspection: 1 OSHA inspection
Open questions
- When each of the five buildings opened or will open.
- The campus's power load in MW.
- Whether any expansion is planned once the state pause ends.
- Which of Amazon's recorded Boardman land deeds belong to this campus rather than its neighbouring sites.
- 5 unconfirmed county land records near the site: the buyer or location could not be tied to this campus.
101 records from 13 documents
Drawn from news reports, state agency records, local government records, public and commercial datasets, company statements and our own analysis, each kept with its date and source. The bar shows documents by type.
Every quote behind this page
Grade key: A = the primary record itself (permit, filing, exhibit) · B = a dated official statement · C = news reporting. Map distances are our own measurements on OpenStreetMap and carry no grade. Allegations in lawsuits are marked as such in the quotes.
Power (15)
- Interconnection status: AWS facility identified in Oregon DEQ records as the PDX170 campus at 75034 Gar Swanson Rd, Boardman (Standard ACDP 25-0067-ST-01, a new source), in Umatilla Electric Cooperative territory with BP“Amazon Data Services, Inc. (ADS), AWS Environmental - PDX170 campus, located at 75034 Gar Swanson Rd., Boardman, OR 97818”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- On-site generation: 352 MW“Seventy-eight (78) diesel-fired emergency generator engines, CAT 3516E, rated at 2,750 kW and 4,043 hp, each”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Opposition: No public comments and no hearing request on the PDX170 ACDP public notice (Aug 16 - Sep 20, 2024); post-2026 regional opposition targets the separate Boardman hyperscale air permit, not this issued permit“The public notice was emailed/mailed on August 16, 2024 and the comment period ended on September 20, 2024. No comments were received and a hearing was not requested.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- IT capacity: not stated“Amazon plans to build five more datacenters in rural Oregon at estimated cost of $11.8 billion, according to documents filed in Morrow County last week.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Utility service: not stated“The agreement allows Amazon to take on the responsibility of selecting the energy supply that powers its data center operations, including from renewable energy resources.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Stated campus size: not stated“Amazon plans to build five more datacenters in rural Oregon at estimated cost of $11.8 billion, according to documents filed in Morrow County last week.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- no eia record; mult“plant nameplate MW summed from permit device table [E]”grade B
- Source record“AWS Environmental - PDX194 (80939 Powerline Road; buildings PDX194-PDX197)”grade B
- Utility: Umatilla Electric Cooperative“Recently, Amazon announced an agreement with Umatilla Electric Cooperative (UEC), the electric cooperative that serves Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Umatilla and Morrow counties.”Company · 2023 · grade B
- Power plan: grid“The agreement allows Amazon to take on the responsibility of selecting the energy supply that powers its data center operations, including from renewable energy resources.”Company · 2023 · grade B
- Interconnection status: Grid service by Umatilla Electric Cooperative; campus covered by the 2023 Amazon-UEC self-supply agreement (Amazon selects energy supply, UEC delivers); no campus-specific interconnection quantity“The agreement allows Amazon to take on the responsibility of selecting the energy supply that powers its data center operations, including from renewable energy resources.”Company · 2023 · grade B
- Grid operator: none (WECC; BPA balancing area)“Rests on: UEC is a consumer-owned cooperative in the Bonneville Power Administration balancing area in WECC”grade C
- Oregon Rural Action says the DEQ pause could affect a proposed Amazon hyperscale facility in Boardman whose air permit is under review (dozens of hearing comments; 700-signature hearing petition). That permit is NOT PDX1“the pause on air and water pollution permits could impact a proposed Amazon hyperscale facility in Boardman”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Oregon DEQ (as reported by Oregon Capital Chronicle): most of the state's rise in unspecified wholesale power purchases comes from Umatilla Electric Cooperative buying power to serve Amazon data centers; UEC load growth“Most of the increase is from the Umatilla Electric Cooperative buying more unspecified power to meet demand from Amazon data centers in recent years, the department found.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Amazon Boardman fleet / UEC aggregate context only: UEC, which serves Amazon's Boardman fleet including PDX170, grew from about 1 million megawatt hours in 2010 to nearly 9 million in 2024. No part of that aggregate is a“The co-op grew from about 1 million megawatt hours in 2010 to nearly 9 million in 2024.”News report · Sept. 2026 · grade C
Money and contracts (31)
- Aliases: AWS Environmental - PDX170; Gar Swanson II; buildings PDX170-PDX174“Enterprise Zone Amazon Web Serv. LTR Gar Swanson II PDX 170 $1,259,639.71”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Incentives: Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone (Columbia River Enterprise Zone II) property tax exemption, 15 years, ORS 285C.400-285C.420; FY2025-26 abated taxes for 'Gar Swanson II PDX 170' include $1,259,639.71 in the Mo“Enterprise Zone Amazon Web Serv. LTR Gar Swanson II PDX 170 $1,259,639.71”Local government · 2026 · grade A
- No DEQ water quality permit had been issued for PDX170 at the time of the ACDP review, and no campus water-supply or cooling-water agreement appears in any public document opened; AWS's Boardman-area cooling-water recycl“No other DEQ land quality or water quality permits have been issued for this source at the time of this review.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): scope 200000000 USD“intends to make investments exceeding $200,000,000 in the Columbia River Enterprise Zone II (the "Zone") by building and operating one or more new data centers located in the Zone”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): exemption term 15 years“the period of the property tax exemption for the Facility for purposes of ORS 285C.409(1)(c) to be 15 consecutive years”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): minimum investment 200000000 USD“by the end of the year in which the Facility is placed in service, the total cost of the Facility will exceed $200,000,000”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): jobs floor 10 FTE“will hire and thereafter continue to employ during the term of this exemption at least 10 full-time employees at the Facility by the end of the third calendar year”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): wage floor 130 % of county average annual wage“The annual average compensation for the Company's employees and employees of its affiliates at the Facility will be at least equal to or greater than 130 percent of the County average annual wage”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): fees - Annual Improvement Payment (AIP) 1000000 USD per data center per year (minimum total $2,000,000/yr)“For each year of the Exemption Period, the Company shall pay to the Sponsors an AIP in the amount of $1,000,000 for each data center located within the Facility that is issued, and maintains, a certificate of occupancy”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): fees - Additional Annual Fee (AAF) 25000000 USD assessed-value base, +3%/yr“an AAF in an amount determined by applying the tax code area ad valorem property tax rate to $25,000,000, increased annually at the rate of 3%”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): fees - Public Safety Impact Fee (PSIF) 50000 USD per year, +3%/yr“the Company shall pay to the Sponsors a PSIF in the amount of $50,000, increased annually at the rate of 3%”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): fees - Student Success Fee (SSF) 50000 USD per year, +3%/yr“the Company shall pay to the Sponsors a SSF in the amount of $50,000”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): first-source hiring“The Company must execute a first-source hiring agreement, pursuant to ORS 285C.215, regarding the new permanent jobs to be created in Morrow County upon completion and operation of the Facility.”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): termination - company right“The Company may elect to terminate this Agreement for any reason or no reason by delivery of written notice thereof to Sponsors.”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): termination - sponsors right (default + cure)“Sponsors may terminate the Agreement upon written notice to the Company. Such notice must provide an additional 60 days in which the Company may cure any such payment deficiency or default.”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): assignment“the Company may assign this Agreement to any of its affiliates or to any wholly owned subsidiary of its ultimate holding company”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): liability cap 3000000 USD“that exceed, in the aggregate, the lesser of (i) the financial benefit realized by the Company under this Agreement and (ii) $3,000,000”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- Construction stage: building“Enterprise Zone Amazon Web Serv. LTR Gar Swanson II PDX 170 $1,259,639.71”Local government · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Stage: building - permitted in full Sep 2024 and partially in service by FY2025-26 (LTR abatements active); full five-building completion/energization unconfirmed“Amazon plans to build five more datacenters in rural Oregon at estimated cost of $11.8 billion, according to documents filed in Morrow County last week.”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Electric energy self-supply agreement (regional): finding - no MW quantity, minimum-billing or termination clause is public“The agreement allows Amazon to take on the responsibility of selecting the energy supply that powers its data center operations, including from renewable energy resources.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Electric service (campus): finding - no campus-specific electric service agreement is public“Recently, Amazon announced an agreement with Umatilla Electric Cooperative (UEC), the electric cooperative that serves Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Umatilla and Morrow counties.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade B
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (CREZ II): finding - governing instrument for this campus not named in public record“Enterprise Zone Amazon Web Serv. LTR Gar Swanson II PDX 170 $1,259,639.71”Local government · 2026 · grade B
- Tenants: Amazon Web Services (AWS) - own use“Recently, Amazon announced an agreement with Umatilla Electric Cooperative (UEC), the electric cooperative that serves Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Umatilla and Morrow counties.”Company · 2023 · grade B
- Electric energy self-supply agreement (regional): scope - energy supply selection“The agreement allows Amazon to take on the responsibility of selecting the energy supply that powers its data center operations, including from renewable energy resources.”Company · 2023 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value USD“Recorded: Dec. 13, 2021 · Grantor: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Grantee: UMATILLA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSN · Parcel number: 04N2606-00108 · Address: 75130 GAR SWANSON RD · City: BOARDMAN”County deed records · Dec. 2021 · grade B
- Land purchase (recorded deed): contract value 2979300 USD“Recorded: July 23, 2021 · Price: $2,979,300 · Grantor: PORT OF MORROW · Grantee: AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC · Parcel number: 04N2606-00106 · Address: 75026 GAR SWANSON RD · City: BOARDMAN”County deed records · July 2021 · grade B
- Tenant status: owner-occupied (own use)“Recently, Amazon announced an agreement with Umatilla Electric Cooperative (UEC), the electric cooperative that serves Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Umatilla and Morrow counties.”Company · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Oregon DOJ civil complaint (Jul 2025) alleges former Morrow County / Port of Morrow officials who voted on Amazon's enterprise-zone incentives personally profited from the underpriced 2018 purchase of fiber provider Wind“Windwave's previous owner had been a nonprofit called Inland Development Corp., established to provide internet service to small businesses, hospitals, schools, libraries and other public agencies in the rural community.”News report · July 2025 · grade C
- Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone tax abatement (five-facility agreement, 2023): scope 1000000000 USD (estimated total value, press)“Officials in a remote northeastern Oregon county have voted to give tax breaks worth an estimated $1 billion to Amazon for five more data centers there.”News report · May 2023 · grade C
- Sponsor approvals completed for the five-facility CREZ II LTR package (Port of Morrow last, unanimous); press-estimated value ~$1 billion over 15 years against ~$12 billion of planned Amazon investment in Morrow County“Officials in a remote northeastern Oregon county have voted to give tax breaks worth an estimated $1 billion to Amazon for five more data centers there.”News report · May 2023 · grade C
- Amazon files plans in Morrow County for five more data centers (~$11.8B total, ~$2.37B per facility, ~120 jobs each); PDX170 sits inside this expansion wave - its LUCS followed on Aug. 30, 2022 and its DEQ application on 20“Amazon plans to build five more datacenters in rural Oregon at estimated cost of $11.8 billion, according to documents filed in Morrow County last week.”News report · May 2022 · grade C
Permits and government (21)
- County code: Morrow County, OR (41049)“75034 Gar Swanson Rd., Boardman, OR 97818”State agency · Oct. 2026 · grade A
- Name: Amazon PDX170 Boardman“AWS Environmental - PDX170”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Address: 75034 Gar Swanson Rd., Boardman, OR 97818“75034 Gar Swanson Rd., Boardman, OR 97818”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Developer: Amazon Data Services, Inc.“This permit is being issued in accordance with the provisions of ORS 468A.040 and based on the land use compatibility findings included in the permit record.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Generator set count: 138“The permittee conducted a Level 3 Risk Assessment (RA) to determine cancer and noncancer risks from the one hundred and thirty-eight (138) emergency generator engines at the facility.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Phases: Two genset blocks under one permit: PDX170-PDX171 (52 x CAT 3516C @ 2,500 kW) and PDX172-PDX174 (78 x CAT 3516E @ 2,750 kW), plus 8 house/portable units“Fifty-two (52) diesel-fired emergency generator engines, CAT 3516C, rated at 2,500 kW and 3,633 hp, each”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Land Use Compatibility Statement (LUCS): land use compatibility approved“This permit is being issued in accordance with the provisions of ORS 468A.040 and based on the land use compatibility findings included in the permit record.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard Air Contaminant Discharge Permit (ACDP): application received“Permit No. 25-0067-ST-01; Application No. 034485”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP: public notice issued“The public notice was emailed/mailed on August 16, 2024 and the comment period ended on September 20, 2024. No comments were received and a hearing was not requested.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP: comment period closed - no comments, no hearing requested“The public notice was emailed/mailed on August 16, 2024 and the comment period ended on September 20, 2024. No comments were received and a hearing was not requested.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP: permit issued“This permit is being issued in accordance with the provisions of ORS 468A.040 and based on the land use compatibility findings included in the permit record.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Cleaner Air Oregon (CAO) risk assessment: Level 3 Risk Assessment completed; Source Risk Limits imposed“Annual facility-wide non-emergency diesel fuel usage limit of 282,683 gallons”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP condition: condition imposed (permit s.2.8 / s.6.1)“Emergency generator engines cannot be used for peak shaving, non-emergency demand response, or to generate income by supplying power to an electric grid or to another entity.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP condition: condition imposed (permit s.8.1)“The permittee is required to test one of each model of the large diesel-fired emergency generator engines, CAT 3516C and CAT 3516E, within 12 months of the permit issuance or the first phase of construction is placed into operation”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Standard ACDP: permit expires - renewal required“Permit No.: 25-0067-ST-01 Expiration Date: 9/1/2029 Application No.: 034485”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- DEQ permits: statement - no other DEQ permits issued for this source“No other DEQ land quality or water quality permits have been issued for this source at the time of this review.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Oregon DEQ (public notice): Public notice of proposed Standard ACDP 25-0067-ST-01 for AWS Environmental - PDX170 (75034 Gar Swanson Rd., Boardman); 35-day comment period“The public notice was emailed/mailed on August 16, 2024 and the comment period ended on September 20, 2024. No comments were received and a hearing was not requested.”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Morrow County Board of Commissioners: Resolution R-2020-7 approving the Columbia River Enterprise Zone II Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone agreement with Amazon Data Services, Inc.“To support the Agreement as negotiated by the Columbia River Enterprise Zone (II) Board with Amazon Data Services, Inc.”Local government · May 2020 · grade A
- State permitting policy: new data-center air and water permit approvals paused statewide until July 1, 2027“Gov. Tina Kotek ordered the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality to pause air and water pollution permits until July 1, 2027.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Governor Kotek directs DEQ to pause new data-center air and water permit approvals until July 1, 2027, pending her Data Center Advisory Committee's recommendations and possible 2027 legislation. Effect on PDX170: its 2024“Gov. Tina Kotek ordered the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality to pause air and water pollution permits until July 1, 2027.”News report · Oct. 2026 · grade C
- Port of Morrow Commission: Final approval of Columbia River Enterprise Zone incentives for five additional Amazon data centers in Morrow County (the second LTR package)“Officials in a remote northeastern Oregon county have voted to give tax breaks worth an estimated $1 billion to Amazon for five more data centers there.”News report · May 2023 · grade C
Site and other (2)
- Buildings: 5“one (1) of the 2,500 kW diesel-fired emergency generator engines (PDX170-1.1 through PDX171-2C), CAT 3516C 2500 KW, and one (1) of the 2,750 kW diesel-fired emergency generator engines (PDX172-1.1 through PDX174-2C), CAT 3516E”State agency · Sept. 2024 · grade A
- Programme schedule in the May 2022 county filings as reported: five facilities built over four-five years, first coming online late 2023 and the last slated for early 2027 - a programme arc, NOT a PDX170-specific COD (ca“construction of the five facilities would take place over the next four-five years, with the first facilities coming online in late 2023 and the last slated for early 2027”News report · May 2022 · grade C
Imagery and records: County deeds: ATTOM.